Chest Discomfort: A Confusing Symptom

When patients present with chest discomfort, efforts are made to determine whether the symptom is due to myocardial ischemia or something else. Julian, in 1981, suggested that “angina pectoris is a sense of discomfort arising in the myocardium as a result of myocardial ischemia in the absence of infarction.” 1 Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.