The force-velocity relationship of arm flexion in untrained males and females and arm-trained athletes

Summary The force-velocity curve (FVC) of arm flexion was established in 123 untrained males and 110 untrained females aged from 15 to 36 years, and 48 arm-trained athletes competing in different sport disciplines. The FVC was described by Hill's equation and defined by the parameters: maximal static moment (M₀), maximal angular velocity (₀), maximal power (P₀) and the concavity of the FVC (H). Within the given age range the level of the curve parameters of both untrained men and women was independent of age.On average, H was the same in all three groups. As compared to M₀ of the untrained males, M₀ of the athletes was 33% higher and M₀ of the females was 38% lower; with regard to P₀ these differences were +30% and –43% respectively. ₀ was the same for trained and untrained males, wherease ₀ of the women was 10% lower than ₀ of the men.