出租车司机健康状况调查及影响因素分析

目的：了解出租车司机的健康状况，确定影响其健康的主要因素，为环境空气污染的治理提供依据。方法：采用健康调查问卷方式随机抽取南京市出租车司机，调查其生活习惯、既往史、自述症状、心理卫生自评症状（SCL-90）及影响健康的因素。结果：出租车司机中饮食无规律，白天工作时间过长现象明显；腰背部疾患、关节炎、胃肠炎的患病率较高；头昏、头痛、疲乏无力、记忆力减退、易激动烦躁、咽干、咳嗽、咳痰、消化不良、便秘、腰酸痛自觉症状的发生率较高；SCL-90症状自评量表显示：女性工龄≤5年组与〉5年组比较，12项因子分两组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；男性组比较，工龄〉5年组人际关系、抑郁症状、焦虑症状3项因子分高于工龄≤5年组，两组间差异显著（P〈0．05），其余的6项因子与总均分、阳性项目数、阳性均分在两组之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。出租车司机认为对其健康影响较大的有害因素为：工作时间长而休息时间短、失业和养老保障体系不完善，身体不舒适时不会轻易就诊、工作时噪声强度大、工作时精神紧张、饮食无规律。结论：腰背部疾患、关节炎和胃肠炎是出租车司机常见的职业性疾病，随着工龄的延长，出租车司机存在一定程度的心理健康问题；工作时间过长、精神紧张、噪声强度大、社会保障机制的不完善及生活无规律等可能是影响其身心健康的主要因素。

The investigation and analysis of influential factors on taxi drivers' Health

Objective:The purpose of this study was to acquire health conditions of taxi drivers and the influential factors of heath.Methods:In this article,health qus no significant difference between the group of drivers who worked five years and the group of drivers who worked more than five years in female.The score of depression and anxiety in male drivers who worked more than five years were higher than that in whom worked five years.The drivers thought that the main influential factors in their health were working long time,intensity of noise,tension of spirit and irregular diet.Conclusions: Work-related diseases of taxi drivers were lumbar muscle strain,arthritis,gastroenteritis.There were some issues of psychological of health in taxi drivers with work length.The main influential factors in health were working long time,intensity of noise,tension of spirit and irregular diet.