中国学校健康教育和学生营养工作现状及需求

目的 了解中国学校健康教育和学生营养工作开展情况以及有关部门对开展此项工作的需求。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法，从6省（直辖市）下属的12个市（县）中选取57所中小学校，通过问卷调查、专题小组讨论、访谈等调查方法，分别对学生、家长、教师、学校饮食服务人员以及教育主管领导和学校领导等进行调查。结果 91．1％的学校有关于开展健康教育课的制度或要求，部分地区制定了健康教育规划；多数学校有健康教育课；任课教师多为兼职教师，多未经专业培训；教学方式以课堂讲授为主；社会各界对健康教育课的重视程度不够；学生、家长、教师和学校饮食服务人员的营养知识水平普遍较低，希望通过各种途径获得健康知识。结论 中国学校健康教育中存在着一些问题和困难，需要及时得到解决，社会各界应加强对健康教育和学生营养工作的重视，教育部门需要加强健康教育课程改革，推广健康促进学校。

School Health Education, Student Nutrition Practice and Need Assessment in China

Objective To assess school health education and student nutrition work in China and needs of sectors involved for them. Methods With a stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 57 elementary and high schools of 12 cities (counties) were selected for this study in 6 provinces. Students and their parents, teachers, food-service workers, school administrative personnel and administrative personnel in educational sectors were surveyed with different methods including questionnaires, focus group discussion and interview. Results Approximately 90% of the schools had the policy for health education. Some regions had developed the plans for health education. Most schools had health education class. Most health education teachers were part-time teachers and were not trained for health education. Lecture was the major teaching method in implementation of school health education. People had not paid much attention to school health education. The health and nutrition knowledge levels of students, parents, teachers and school food service personnel were quite low; they all expressed a desire for getting more information on health and nutrition. Conclusions Some problems and difficulties occurred in school health education and student nutrition work in China should be solved. People should pay more attention to health education and nutrition. The reform of school health education should be deepened, and health promoting school should be popularized.