Protein quality and quantity influence free amino acid levels in the brain and serum of rats during lactation

Diets containing 11 or 21% protein supplied by wheat, wheat + lysine + threonine or casein + methionine were fed to pregnant rats from conception until d 4 or 8 of lactation. Dams then were decapitated, serum was collected and brains and left inguinal-abdominal mammary glands were quickly excised and weighed. Serum and brains were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 degrees C. Free amino acids in either serum or brain were not significantly different on d 8 as compared with d 4 of lactation. Increasing dietary protein quality or quantity increased concentrations of most essential amino acids in serum and brain. Changes in the concentrations of nonessential amino acids in serum or brain associated with increases in protein quality or quantity were variable. For all 16 amino acids measured, brain free amino acids were highly correlated with serum levels. In this experiment, pup growth varied from 0.3 g/d for the offspring of dams fed 11% wheat to 1.4 g/d for the offspring of dams fed 21% wheat + lysine + threonine. Concentrations of lysine and threonine in the brain were more than twice as high under the latter as compared with the former condition, but differences in all other amino acids among the dietary groups were small, ranging from -20% for glycine to +21% for leucine and isoleucine.