The influence of the timing of surgery on soft tissue complications and hospital stay. A review of 84 closed ankle fractures

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Open reduction and internal fixation of an extensively swollen ankle may lead to wound closure problems, blistering, wound edge necrosis and infection. Accordingly, internal fixation should be accomplished either before or after the period of critical soft tissue swelling. The object of the study was to investigate if the timing of surgery had any influence upon soft tissue complications and hospital stay. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical course of the first 6 postoperative weeks of 84 closed ankle fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation were reviewed. Seventeen patients were not operated on early due to lack of operative capacity and were thus operated on after 5 days or more. These patients were compared to the patients operated on within 8 hours (n = 67). The groups were comparable with respect to age, gender and fracture types. RESULTS: Despite a higher incidence of primary soft tissue injuries in the early group, the patients operated on delayed had a higher incidence of wound infections (17.6% vs. 3.0%) and hospital stay was prolonged with 12.4 days compared to early surgery. All wound infections were found in grossly displaced fractures despite adequate closed reduction immediately after arrival in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed surgery of closed ankle fractures increases the risk of soft tissue complications and prolongs hospital stay. Immediate surgery is particularly indicated in the severely displaced ankle fracture, and if not achievable, temporary reduction and immobilization is recommended.