鼠李糖乳杆菌GR-1和罗伊氏乳杆菌RC-14防治阴道炎的研究进展

健康女性阴道内存在以乳杆菌等优势菌为主的微生物菌群，健康的微生物菌群能够维持阴道的酸性环境，增强局部免疫屏障功能，抵御致病菌的侵袭，并减少女性阴道感染的风险。抗生素和抗真菌类药物在杀灭阴道致病菌的同时也抑制了阴道正常有益菌的生长，使阴道菌群失调，导致致病菌占优势，从而出现复发率高、耐药性以及继发感染等问题。口服或者阴道内使用乳杆菌活菌制剂能有效防治女性阴道炎的发生，减少疾病复发。从体内和体外研究两方面，综述鼠李糖乳杆菌（GR-1）和罗伊氏乳杆菌（RC-14）菌株在维持阴道正常菌群平衡、预防和治疗阴道炎中的作用及其研究进展。

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 for Treatment and Prevention of Vaginal Infections

The vaginal microbiota consist of a large number of lactic acid bacteria，primarily species of Lactobacillus. A key ecological function is the maintenance of a low pH in the vagina，which is important for resistance against pathogenic organisms. Vaginal infections commonly occur in women of reproductive age and bacterial vaginosis （BV） or yeast vaginitis is the most common cause for women to seek medical care. This review focuses on the usage of oral probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 for improvement of vaginal health，as adjunctive treatment in symptomatic disease and as stand-alone treatment for restoring and maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiota. In vitro experiments demonstrate that strains GR-1 and RC-14 are able to adhere to epithelial cells，and to inhibit pathogens-particularly uropathogens-by producing bacteriocin-like substance and displacing biofilms. Data from use in humans reveals that both strains are able to survive gastrointestinal passage and translocate to the vagina（from the gut via the perineum）as viable bacteria. This has been demonstrated by isolating GR-1 and RC-14 from fecal and vaginal samples following oral administration.