地下医院真菌污染状况调查

目的调查地下医院真菌污染状况及其空气真菌毒素,为采取预防措施提供依据。方法用撞击法监测空气细菌总数及真菌数;用棉拭子法监测物体表面真菌数;根据真菌菌落形态特征及生长结构进行菌种鉴定;对黄曲霉菌用ELISA法检测黄曲霉毒素B1。结果空气细菌总数平均3 195 cfu/m3,真菌数平均18 046 cfu/m3;木床架及床垫表面真菌数分别为27 840 cfu/m3及104 960 cfu/m3。73株黄曲霉菌中有9株产生黄曲霉毒素B1,占12.3%。结论地下医院空气真菌污染严重,细菌总数高于人防工程地下医院卫生标准,真菌污染源主要为内部大量腐殖物存在,并逐步飘散扩大污染范围。这些真菌不但能侵入机体造成真菌感染,而且有的能产生毒素,其毒素可随空气中悬浮颗粒通过呼吸道吸入,沉积于肺泡,或经皮肤吸收进入体内而影响健康。

Status of Mycetes Pollution and Air Mycetes Toxin in a Standby Underground Hospital

Objective To reseach the status of mycetes pollution and air mycetes toxin in a underground hospital and to provide proof for precaution.Medthod The total bacterial and mycetes counts in the air were determined with the method of knock-on and mycetes on the surface of objects with cotton pledget.The mycetes were identified according to its colonial morpholopy and growth construction,and Aflatoxin B1 of Aspergillus flavs was detected by ELISA.Result The average total bacterial count was 3,195 cfu/m3 and mycetes count was 18,046 cfu/m3 in the air while the mycetes was 27,840 cfu/m3 and 104,960 cfu/m3 respectively on the surface of wooden bedframe and mattress.Nine of the 73 strains of Aspergillus flavus produced aflatoxin B1,accounted for 12.3%.Conclusion The air was heavily polluted by mycetes in this underground hospital and the total bacterial count exceeded the wholesome standard of human protection project.The mycetes is mainly from much humus in it and diffuses gradually which can invade human bodies to cause mycotic infection.Meanwhile,some of them can produce toxin which can be breathed in along with the suspended particulate in the air and deposit in the alveoli pulmonis or be absorded through the skin which adversely affects human's health.