上海市闵行区副溶血性弧菌污染水产品及引起食源性疾病的流行病学分析

目的 了解闵行区水产品中副溶血性孤菌的污染情况及其引起食源性疾病的流行病学特征,为追踪污染来源和开展食品安全风险评估提供依据.方法 全年每个月在抽取的餐饮企业、大型超市及集贸市场采集海鱼类、虾蟹类、贝类及软体类等四大类消费量较大及高危的水产品进行连续监测;在3家哨点医院的肠道门诊监测病例,对符合腹泻标准的病例进行流行病学监测.结果 在四大类水产品中,副溶血性孤菌总体检出率为36.11％,各类水产品检出率差异有显著性.虾蟹类检出率最高,海鱼检出率最低,蛏子、白米虾检出率达90.00％以上,其中贝类中定量值最高.集贸市场的检出率最高,第三季度检出率最高,贝类一年四季检出率差异最大.病例中副溶血性弧菌为致病因素的占全部阳性病例的80.98％,第三季度病例占全年病例的84.85％;以青壮年、干部职员为主;自述可疑饮食史为海产品、禽畜肉和果蔬类,来源以家庭和小型餐饮店为主.56.82％的病例自述首发症状为腹痛、腹泻,以水样便最常见.结论 副溶血性弧菌是沿海地区夏秋季发生感染性腹泻的首位病因,除海产品是直接污染食品外,要重视肉制品和果蔬的间接污染,在流通销售环节保持冷链并采取有效的预防措施,防止交叉污染.应加强水产品中副溶血性弧菌污染风险的监测,开展暴露评估,在实验室开展血清、基因分型等分子流行病学研究,为溯源提供依据.

Epidemiological Analysis of Foodborne Diseases Caused by Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and the Pollution Status of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Aquatic Products in Minhang District of Shanghai

OBJECTIVE To understand the contamination status of deputy hemolysis of aquatic products in Minhang District and the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, so as to provide evidence for tracking pollution sources and carrying out the food safety risk assessment. METHODS Food continuous monitoring was performed monthly throughout the year in the extraction of catering enterprises, large supermarkets and bazaars by collecting the that 4 major classes of large consumption and risk of aquatic products such as seawater fish, crabs, shellfish and molluscs. Epidemiological monitoring in accordance with the standard cases of diarrhea were carried in intestinal outpatient of 3 sentinel hospitals. RESULTS The total detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 36.11% in 4 kinds of aquatic products, there were significant differences in all kinds of aquatic products, Shrimps and crabs were the highest, while fish was the minimum. The detection rate of razor clam and Bai Mixia was more than 90%, and the quantitative value is the highest in shellfish. In different places, the highest detection rate was found in country markets. The detection rate in third quarter was the highest, and the detection rates of shellfish were different greatly in 80.98% of all the positive cases＇ pathogenic factors were Vibrio parahaemolytieus. The third quarter cases were about 84.85% of the total cases. Young and middle-aged cadres, staff were the major patients. Seafood, meat, fruit and vegetable were the readme suspected diet history, which were mainly come from the family and the small restaurant. The readme symptoms of the 56.82% cases were abdominal pain, Diarrhea is the most common with watery stool. CONCLUSION Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the first diarrhea cause in summer and autumn in the coastal area. In addition to the direct contamination of sea products, the indirect pollution should be paid attention to meat and vegetables. Keep cold chain in the circulation link and take effective measures to prevent cross contamination are particularly important. Strengthen the risk monitoring and exposure assessment of VP pollution in aquatic products. Molecular epidemiology Such as serological examination and genotyping should be carried in the labs to provide a basis for traceability.