母乳中胰岛素水平及其影响因素

目的 研究正常产妇、妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)和妊娠期糖耐量受损(gestational impaired glucose tolerance,GIGT)产妇母乳中的胰岛素水平,分析其可能的相关因素,探讨母乳胰岛素水平对新生儿体格生长发育的影响. 方法收集148例正常产妇、46例GDM/GIGT产妇的初乳及产后42 d成熟乳,放射免疫法测定胰岛素的浓度.胰岛素浓度采用中位数(M)和百分位数间距(P25～P75)表示,组间胰岛素水平比较采用配对资料的Wilcoxon符号秩检验. 结果 (1)GDM/GIGT组初乳胰岛素浓度为28.81μU/ml(13.84～43.14μU/ml),显著低于成熟乳胰岛素浓度,为57.50μU/ml(36.70～82.73μU/ml)(Z=-4.828,P＜0.05),正常组成熟乳胰岛素浓度为35.88μU/ml(25.91～46.85μU/ml),低于GDM/GIGT组成熟乳胰岛素浓度(Z=-2.874,P＜0.05);(2)剖宫产者初乳胰岛素浓度为23.64μU/ml(14.90～38.51 μU/ml),显著低于阴道分娩者初乳胰岛素浓度,为38.89μU/ml(23.14～65.54μU/ml)(Z=-4.510,P＜0.05);(3)混合喂养者的成熟乳胰岛素浓度为42.58μU/ml(26.60～73.06μU/ml),明显高于纯母乳喂养者的成熟乳胰岛素浓度,为36.32μU/ml(26.00～46.16μU/ml)(Z=-2.377,P＜0.05).(4)初乳和成熟乳胰岛素浓度分别与产妇孕前/产前/产后体重指数呈正相关(P＜0.05). 结论分娩方式影响了初乳中胰岛素水平.GDM或GIGT以及喂养方式对成熟乳胰岛素水平有显著影响;母乳的胰岛素水平与产妇的BMI呈正相关.

Insulin level in human milk and its associated factors

Objective To determine the human milk insulin(HMI) concentrations of healthy,gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) lactating mothers and their correlative factors and to explore the effect of HMI on growth and development of neonates. Methods HMI of colostrum and mature milk collected from 148 healthy lactating mothers and 46 GDM/GIGT mothers were determined by radioimmnuoassay. The intergroup HMI levels were compared by Wilcoxon test. Results (1) In the GDM/GIGT group, colostrum HMI was 28.81 μU/ml(13. 84-43.14 μU/ml), significantly lower than that of mature milk which was 57.50 μU/ml(36. 70-82. 73 μU/ml) (Z=-4. 828,P=0. 000). HMI of mature milk in the healthy group was 35.88 μU/ml(25.91-46.85 μU/ml), lower than in the GDM/GIGT group (Z=-2.874,P=0.004). ( 2 ) The colostrum HMI of the mothers underwent cesarean section was 23.64 μU/ml (14.90-38.51 μU/ml) lower than in the vaginal delivery ones which was 38.89 μU/ml(23.14-65.54 μU/ml)(Z= -4. 510, P= 0. 000). (3) HMI of mature milk in mixed feeding cases was 42.58 μU/ml (26.60-73.06 μU/ml),significantly higher than that of breast feeding ones which was 36.32 μU/ml(26.00-46.16 μU/ml)(Z=-2. 377,P=0.019). (4) Both HMI in colostrum and mature milk were positively correlated with maternal BMI (P＜0.05). Conclusions The mode of delivery significantly affects the HMI in colostrum. GDM/GIGT and the feeding patterns have some effects on HMI levels in mature breast milk. The HMI level is positively correlated with maternal BMI.