| Abstract: | Objective: The aim of the authors is to clarify the concept of comfort at the end-of-life in order to support understandings of fundamental nursing care needed at this stage of healthcare. Methods: The Walker and Avant framework was applied to develop a deeper understanding of the concept of comfor t at the end of life. Results: Five defining attributes of comfort in the end-of-life were identified and they are having a peaceful home-life environment, trust and consolation, proximity and social-cultural support, alleviation of suffering, and a process of integrated intervention by nurses. Conclusions: At the end-of-life patients commonly experience physical, psychological, social-cultural, and environmental discomfor t. Patients' families also encounter significant challenges. However, their comfort needs are often secondary to that of the patient. Additionally, a lack of clarity exists regarding the holistic meaning of comfor t at the end-of-life, which can largely be confined to understandings of physical comfor t for the patient, with a limited understanding of addressing family/caregivers' needs. Therefore, this concept analysis may provide some guidance in this regard and also provides suppor t toward a more integrated understanding of the concept. |
