女大学生对艾滋病认知现状及干预效果分析

目的 调查分析高职院校女大学生对艾滋病认知的现状及健康教育干预效果,为高校开展相关健康教育提供参考依据.方法 对西安某所高职院校的女大学生进行艾滋病知识健康教育干预,通过选修课和专题讲座的方式阶段性进行,为期6个月,共3次.采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,分别在干预前(950份)和干预后(902份)进行问卷调查,获得认知现状并评估干预效果.结果 健康教育干预后与干预前相比,女大学生对艾滋病相关概念的掌握显著增强(95.9%vs 83.0%,χ2=77.486,P<0.01),对高温消毒杀灭艾滋病病毒的知晓率明显提高(90.6%vs.73.6%,χ2=86.838,P<0.01),对安全套预防的知晓率明显提高(85.6%vs 58.7%,χ2=159.382,P<0.01);干预后,对艾滋病各种传播方式的知晓率均显著提高(均P<0.01),对不会感染艾滋病方式的知晓率也均显著提高(均P<0.01);但是,女大学生对艾滋病病人的认知和态度在干预前后并无显著性改变(χ2=1.742~2.817,均P>0.05);有60.3%的女大学生仍然希望通过专业人员知识讲座和选修课的形式获取艾滋病相关健康知识.结论 健康教育可显著提高女大学生对艾滋病知识的知晓率,高校应依据学生的实际需求做好艾滋病健康教育工作.

Cognition status of acquired immune deficiency syndrome of female college students and intervention effects

Objective To investigate the cognition status of acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS) among female college students in higher vocational school and the intervention effects of health education in order to provide reference for development of relevant health education in colleges and universities .Methods Health education on AIDS knowledge was held among female college students in a vocational college in Xi ' an.The grading interventions were carried out by elective courses and seminars .There were 3 times of intervention lasting 6 months.The stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted for questionnaire investigation before (950 cases) and after (902 cases) intervention in order to get cognition status and evaluate the health education effects of AIDS .Results Compared to that before health education intervention , AIDS related knowledge of female college students was enhanced significantly after intervention (95.9%, 83.0%;χ2 =77.486, P<0.01), the awareness rate of using high temperature disinfection to kill HIV increased significantly (90.6%, 73.6%;χ2 =86.838,P<0.01), and the awareness rate of using condoms to prevent AIDS increased significantly (85.6%, 58.7%;χ2 =159.382,P<0.01).After intervention, awareness rates of all kinds of AIDS transmission increased significantly (all P<0.01), and awareness rates of not contracting HIV methods also increased remarkably (all P<0.01).But there was no significant difference in the cognition and attitude towards AIDS patients among female college students before and after the intervention (χ2 value ranged 1.742 to 2.817, all P>0.05).There were 60.3% of female college students who still hoped to obtain AIDS related health education knowledge through professional lectures and elective courses .Conclusion Health education can significantly improve the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among female college students .Colleges and universities should focus on actual needs of students to do a good job in AIDS health education .