全国31个城市儿童食物过敏自我报告率调查

目的 了解全国主要城市儿童食物过敏患病现状.方法 采用问卷方式对全国31个城市0~14岁儿童进行调查,获得食物过敏家长报告率.采用EpiInfo软件对数据进行双录入比对校正,SPSS20.0软件包进行统计分析.结果 全国31城市共337560名0~14岁儿童参加了调查,共有19676人自我报告过敏(5.83%).以华东及东北地区食物过敏家长报告率最高,过敏人数分别为5259(7.38%)和2916(7.03%),西北地区最低,有2419(4.35%)人报告食物过敏;在不同地区之间,食物过敏报告率的差异存在统计学意义(χ2=657.01,P<0.001).在不同城市之间,青岛食物过敏患病率最高,为9.11%(917/10066),拉萨最低,为2.33%(116/4984).不同性别儿童食物过敏报告率分别为5.87%(男)和5.79%(女),差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.08,P=0.299).学龄前儿童(3~5岁)食物过敏报告率(6.65%)最高,与其他年龄段比较差异存在统计学意义(χ2=46.47,P<0.001).在家长自报有食物过敏的儿童中,38.5%有湿疹病史,23.0%有过敏性鼻炎病史,37.7%有家族过敏史.结论 全国31个城市0~14岁儿童食物过敏的家长报告率为5.83%,在不同地区、不同城市及不同年龄段儿童,食物过敏患病率存在显著差异,在不同性别之间未发现食物过敏报告率存在显著差异.

Epidemiology of food allergy in children from 31 cities in China

Objective To investigate the prevalence of food allergy among children living in metropoli-ses aged 0-14 years. Methods In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire was distributed to parents taking care of children aged 0-14 years from China′s 31 metropolises to get the parents reported prevalence. Results A total of 337560 children aged 0-14 years participated in the survey. There are 19676 children reported with food aller-gy(5. 83%). In different regions,the parents reported prevalence of food allergy had significant difference(χ2 =657. 01,P<0. 001). It was highest in the eastern (7. 38%,5259) and the northeastern (7. 03%,2916) part of China,and was lowest in the northwestern part of China,which was 4. 35%. Of all the 31 surveyed metropolises, the parents reported prevalence of food allergy was highest in Qingdao,and lowest in Lhasa,which was 9. 11%(917/10066),and 2. 33% (116/4984)respectively. The prevalence of food allergy in males and females was 5. 87% and 5. 79% respectively,with no significant difference (χ2 =1. 078,P=0. 299). The prevalence of food allergy in preschool children (3-5 years old,6. 65%) was higher than other ages (χ2 =46. 469,P<0. 001). Of children reported to have food allergy,38. 5% had a history of eczema,23. 0% had a history of allergic rhinitis, and 37. 7% had a family history of allergic diseases. Conclusion The parents reported prevalence of food aller-gy among children 0-14 years old from 31 metropolises in China was 5. 83%. In different regions cities and a-ges,there′s significant difference of the reported prevalence. There′s no significant difference of parents reported prevalence between males and females. The study would have great significance in reflecting and evaluating the prevalence of food allergy among children.