产程中饮食对足月分娩孕妇产程及分娩结局的影响

【摘 要】 目的：观察产程中饮食对足月分娩孕妇产程及分娩结局的影响。方法：选取2015年11月-2016年6月于郑州大学第三附属医院住院待产的足月孕妇338例，根据饮食意愿不同分为流质饮食组162例（对照组）和自愿饮食组176例（观察组），观察2组孕妇第一及第二产程持续时间、产程中呕吐、酮症的发生率及分娩结局。结果：①观察组第一产程和第二产程持续时间均长于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②2组孕妇呕吐发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；观察组孕妇酮症的发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。③2组孕妇产程中催产素使用情况、会阴侧切率及中转剖宫产率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05），2组孕妇分娩过程中均未使用器械助产。④2组新生儿1 min、5 min Apgar评分及新生儿转入新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的入住率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05），2组新生儿均未出现窒息等严重并发症。结论：分娩过程中自愿饮食的孕妇虽相对增加第一、第二产程持续时间，但自愿饮食可降低孕妇酮症的发生率、不增加产程干预，且不影响母儿结局，也不增加孕妇呕吐的发生率。

The Effects of the Diet on Labor and Delivery Outcomes in Term Labor

Objective:To observe the effects of diet on labor and delivery outcomes in term labor.Methods:In the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Hospital expectant pregnant 338 cases,which were divided into liquid diet group,162 cases (control group) and free diet group 176 cases (observation group).The first and second stage of labor duration,vomiting,incidence of ketosis and birth outcomes were observed in both groups.Results:①The duration of the first and the second stage of labor continued time in the observation group were significantly longer than the control group (P＜0.05).②The difference of the maternal vomiting incidence rate in control group and observation group was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Maternal ketosis incidence rate in the observation group were lower than the control group,and the difference has statistical significance (P＜0.05).③There were on differences in the rate of oxytocin use and the lateral perineal resection and transfering to cesarean section between two groups (P＞0.05).④The differences of the newborns 1 minute,5 minute Apgar score and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) occupancy rate between the control group and the observation group,were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).There were no severe complications such as choking in both groups.Conclusions:In the process of delivery,the duration of the first and second stage of labor with the free diet of pregnant women was relatively prolonged,but it could reduce the incidence of ketosis in the pregnant women,without increasing labor intervention.And free diet also did not affect the outcome of mothers and newborns,not increase the vomiting incidence.