孕激素受体膜组分1在乳腺癌发生机制中作用的研究进展

乳腺癌是导致女性死亡的主要癌症之一,但目前为止关于乳腺癌的发生机制尚未完全明确。唯一一项全球大型安慰剂对照研究,妇女健康启动项目(Women's Health Initiative,WHI)指出,雌孕激素联合治疗组乳腺癌风险增高,单一雌激素治疗组妇女的乳腺癌风险没有增加,反而有降低,说明在激素补充治疗(hormone replacement therapy,HRT)治疗中孕激素对乳腺癌风险具有负面影响。针对此结论开展了很多体外研究,发现雌孕激素联合治疗可以明显促进孕激素受体膜组分1(progesterone receptor membrane component 1,PGRMC1)表达阳性的乳腺癌细胞的增生。针对此结论,北美绝经学会官方科学杂志Menopause对此给予特别的编者按:"WHI研究中雌孕激素联合治疗组妇女乳腺癌风险增加是否可以用PGRMC1的作用来解释?PGRMC1是否可以作为一个乳腺癌风险潜在的标志物？PGRMC1高表达者是否可确定为乳腺癌易感者？"本文将就此方面的研究进行综述。

Progress in research on possible role of progesterone receptor membrane component 1( PGRMC1) in the mechanism of breast cancer development

Breast cancer is one of the most common leading cause of cancers death in women world-wide. But the mechanism of breast cancer development is still unclear. The only placebo-controlled study, the Women's Health Initiative(WHI) demonstrated that breast cancer risk mainly is dependent on the progestogen component since only in the combined estrogen/progestogen arm, but not in the estrogen-only arm this risk was seen to increase the risk. According to this finding, our previous investigation point towards an important role of progesterone receptor membrane component 1(PGRMC1) in hormone related breast cancer risk. This finding got great attention from the related field in the world. An editorial published in the journal Menopause raised the following questions: "Can the increase in breast cancer observed in the estrogen plus progestin arm of the Women's Health Initiative trial be explained by progesterone receptor membrane component 1? Can the PGRMC1 become to be a potential marker in the future? Will the women with high expression of PGRMC1 be breast cancer susceptible people?" We will review the results of related researches.