Serum inflammatory markers in relation to prostate cancer severity and death in the Swedish AMORIS study |
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Authors: | R Arthur H Garmo L Holmberg P Stattin H Malmström M Lambe N Hammar G Walldius D Robinsson I Jungner M Van Hemelrijck |
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Institution: | 1. Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom;2. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA?R.A. and R.W. contributed equally to this work;3. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden;4. Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;5. Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Stockholm, Sweden;6. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;7. Global Medicines Development, Medical Evidence & Observational Research, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden;8. Department of Urology, Ryhov Hospital, J?nk?ping, Sweden;9. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet and CALAB Research, Stockholm, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Inflammation is a well‐documented driver of cancer development and progression. However, little is known about its role in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, we examined the association of C‐reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, albumin and white blood cells (WBC) with prostate cancer (PCa) severity (defined by PCa risk category and clinicopathological characteristics) and progression (defined by PCa death). We selected 8,471 Swedish men with newly diagnosed PCa who had exposure measurements taken approximately 14 years prior to diagnosis. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations between the inflammatory markers and PCa severity using logistic regression, while Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the associations with overall and PCa death. Serum CRP levels were associated with increased odds of high risk and metastatic PCa, and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06–1.56, 1.32; 1.05–1.65 and 1.51; 1.26–1.81, respectively). Similarly, higher haptoglobin levels were associated with increased odds of metastatic PCa, high PSA level and possibly high grade PCa (1.38; 1.10–1.74, 1.50; 1.17–1.93 and 1.25; 1.00–1.56, respectively). Albumin was positively associated with Gleason 4 + 3 tumour (1.38; 1.02–1.86) and overall death (HRunit increase in log: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.11–2.30), but inversely associated with high risk PCa and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (0.71; 0.56–0.89 and 0.72; 0.5 9–0.90). WBC was associated with increased odds of T3–T4 PCa. Except for albumin, none of these markers were associated with PCa death or overall death. Systemic inflammation as early as 14 years prior to diagnosis may influence prostate cancer severity. |
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Keywords: | prostate cancer C‐reactive protein haptoglobin albumin white blood cells |
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