国营企业临时工职业危害的现状调查及对策

目的　了解湖南省国营企业内临时工的职业危害状况 (即职业危害向临时工转移情况 ) ,保护临时工身体健康。方法　按分层抽样法 ,在全省 13个地市、7个系统内抽取 41家国营企业 ,其中 12家已清退临时工。对 2 9家大、中、小型国营企业的 5 10名临时工的职业危害情况进行了调查。结果　调查的 5 10名临时工主要分布在化工 (34 .31% )、建材 (2 0 .98% )和煤炭 (15 .6 9% )系统 ,并以接触粉尘为主 (86 .6 7% ) ;工作场所噪声、粉尘、铅、砷等有害因素的监测超标率高达 76 .2 % ;接触有毒有害因素临时工体检结果显示 ,身体有明显损害 ,特异指标异常率达 36 .8% ,平均接触工龄为 2 .4a。结论　国营企业在生产岗位上使用的临时工均从事有毒有害较严重的工种 ,劳动条件差 ,基本无有效保护措施 ,不进行定期健康检查 ,健康状况差。

Investigation and countermeasures on the occupational hazards to temporaries in state enterprises

Objective To understand the present situation of occupational hazards to temporaries in the state enterprises of Hunan province,namely the transference of occupational hazards to temporaries.Method The hazards to 510 temporaries in 29 units of all scales were investigated.Results Most of the temporaries were engaged in chemical industry system(34.31%),constructional material system (20.98%) and coal system (15.69%). The main hazard was dust exposure(86.67%).76.2% of the level of hazards including noise,dust,Pb,As in working place exceeded the standard.Physical examination of those temporaries exposed to the hazards showed that the abnormal rate of specific parameters was 36.8%,indicating that obvious damages of the body were present.Conclusion All the temporaries were engaged in the poisonous and hazardous work without valid protecting measures.They were in bad health and couldn't enjoy regular health check.