我国贫困农村地区留守与非留守儿童早餐现况及影响因素

目的了解中国贫困农村地区留守与非留守儿童早餐现况并探索其影响因素,为我国留守儿童早餐营养知识宣传教育及其他营养改善相关政策的制定提供基础数据。方法按照多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2016年在50个重点监测县中,依据学校食堂供餐、企业(单位)供餐和家庭(个人)托餐3种供餐模式从每个县抽取小学、初中各2所,再从中抽取小学三年级及以上和初中3个年级的学生,每个年级选取1～2个班,每个班40名左右,进行问卷调查。结果留守儿童每天吃早餐的比例(62.71%)低于非留守儿童(64.61%);吃早餐者营养充足的比例(59.39%)低于非留守儿童(63.17%);留守儿童早餐吃肉蛋类、果蔬类和奶豆类食物分别有42. 69%、36. 41%和39. 19%,均低于非留守儿童(45.22%、37.83%和44. 73%),以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父母一方在外地打工(OR=1.148, 95%CI:1.031～1.278)、住宿生(OR=-0.927, 95%CI:0.865～0.988)、西部地区(OR=0.905, 95%CI:0.844～0.969)和每天吃零食≥1次(OR=0.856, 95%CI:0.799～0. 917)为留守儿童早餐营养充足的危险因素(P <0.05)。结论中国贫困农村地区留守儿童早餐频次与营养质量均低于非留守儿童;父母一方在外地打工、西部地区、住校生和每天吃零食≥1次者早餐营养不充足的比例更高。

Analysis on breakfast and its influential factors between left-behind and non-left-behind children in poor rural areas,China

Objective To compare the status and explore influential factors of breakfast between left-behind and non-left-behind children in poor rural areas, and provide basic data for propaganda and education of nutrition knowledge and policies on breakfast. Methods Based on multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method, 2 primary and 2 junior schools were selected based on 3 food supply modes (‘ school ’,‘ outsource ’, and ‘ family ’) in each county from 50 key monitoring counties of National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students ( NNIPRCS) in 2016. 40 students in a class were randomly extracted from Grade 3 to Grade 9. They were surveyed through questionnaires about their breakfast in 2016. Results The proportion of left-behind children having breakfast every day (62. 71%) was less than non-left-behind children (64. 61%)(P <0. 05). The proportion of nutritious breakfast of left-behind children (59. 39%) was less than non-left-behind children (63. 17%)(P <0. 05). The proportions of breakfast for left-behind children having meat and eggs, fruit and vegetables, milk and bean were respectively 42.69%, 36.41% and 39. 19%, which were less than non-left-behind children (45.22%, 37.83% and 44.73%)(P<0. 05). Left-behind children with one parent working out (OR = 1.148, 95%CI: 1.031 -1.278), boarding students (OR =-0.927 , 95% CI;0.865 - 0.988), western areas (OR = 0.905, 95% CI: 0.844 - 0.969) and having snacks more than once every day (OR= 0.856, 95%CI: 0.799 -0.917) were risky factors (P<0. 05). Conclusion Frequencies of breakfast and nutritious quality of left-behind children in poor rural areas were lower than non-left-behind children, left-behind children with one parent working out in western areas had lower proportion of having nutrient breakfast every day, and having snacks more than once every day could decrease frequencies of having nutrient breakfast.