Cooperative effect of two amino acid mutations in the coat protein of Pepper mild mottle virus overcomes L3-mediated resistance in Capsicum plants |
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Authors: | Hamada Hiroyuki Tomita Reiko Iwadate Yasuya Kobayashi Kappei Munemura Ikuko Takeuchi Shigeharu Hikichi Yasufumi Suzuki Kazumi |
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Affiliation: | (1) Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan;(2) Iwate Agricultural Research Center, 20-1 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan;(3) Kochi Agricultural Research Center, 1100 Hataeda, Nankoku, Kochi 783-0023, Japan;(4) Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan;(5) Present address: National Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan;(6) Present address: School of Environmental Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan |
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Abstract: | We found that an L 3 resistance-breaking field isolate of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), designated PMMoV-Is, had two amino acid changes in its coat protein (CP), namely leucine to phenylalanine at position 13 (L13F) and glycine to valine at position 66 (G66V), as compared with PMMoV-J, which induces a resistance response in L 3 -harboring Capsicum plants. The mutations were located to a CP domain corresponding to the outer surface of PMMoV particles in computational molecular modeling. Analyses of PMMoV CP mutants containing either or both of these amino acid changes revealed that both changes were required to efficiently overcome L 3 -mediated resistance with systemic necrosis induction. Although CP mutants containing either L13F or G66V could not efficiently overcome L 3 -mediated resistance, these amino acid changes had different effects on the elicitor activity of PMMoV CP. L13F caused a slight reduction in the elicitor activity, resulting in virus restriction to necrotic local lesions that were apparently larger than those induced by wild-type PMMoV, while G66V rendered wild-type PMMoV the ability to overcome L 3 -mediated resistance, albeit with a lower efficiency than PMMoV with both changes. These results suggest that a cooperative effect of the L13F and G66V mutations on the elicitor activity of CP is responsible for overcoming the L 3 -mediated resistance. |
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Keywords: | Tobamovirus Pepper mild mottle virus Coat protein Capsicum plants L 3 resistance gene Elicitor |
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