610例急性髓系白血病免疫表型和白血病相关免疫表型分析

目的探讨急性髓系白血病（AML）患者免疫表型和白血病相关的免疫表型（LAIP）特征及在微量残留病（MRD）检测中的意义。方法采用CD45／SSC设门四色流式细胞术，检测610例AML患者和20名健康志愿者下列抗原的表达：CD7、CDll7、CD33、CD34、CDl0、CDl9、CD56、CD38、CDl3、CDl4、CD64、CD9、CDl6、CD2、CD5、CDllb、CDl23、HIA-DR。结果正常骨髓中CD34^＋和CDll7^＋SSC值低（SSC^low）的细胞比例分别为（0．35±0，15）％和（0．76±0．31）％。CD34^＋SSC^low细胞中绝大多数细胞共表达CDl3、CD33、CD38、CDll7、HLA-DR（84％～94％）。CD9和CDl5的相对比例为20％和33％，而CDllb、CD56、CDl9和CD64的相对比例均低于10％，CD7为12％。CDll7^＋SSC^low细胞中，CDl9^＋、CD11b^＋、CD56^＋和CD7^＋细胞相对比例低于10％，CD9^＋细胞为14％，CD38^＋和HIA-DR^＋细胞的相对比例为87％和91％，其余抗原（CDl5、CDl3、CD33、CD34）均在30％～50％。AML患者中CDll7、CD38表达率约为95％，CD33、CD9表达率约为84％。HLA-DR和CDl3表达率分别为77．23％和75．25％。CD64和CD34的表达率分别为64．41％和59．51％。CDl5表达率为43．06％，CDllb表达率为22，07％。86．39％的AML患者LAIP阳性，以AML-M1和M3最高，AML-M4E0最低。LAIP主要表现为交叉系列抗原表达和非同期共抗原表达，前者以CD34与CD7、CDl9、CD56同时阳性为主。在非同期抗原表达中，CD34^＋CD64^＋、CDll7^＋CDllb^＋、CDll7^＋CD38^-/dim、CDll7^＋HLA-DR-／^dim正常值在0．01％左右，与AML之间的对数差大于3，为灵敏度较高的LAIP。结论多参数流式细胞术适于80％以上AML患者MRD检测。

Analysis of immunophenotype and leukemia associated immunophenotype in 610 patients with acute myeloid leukemia

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the immunophenotype and leukemia associated immunophenotype (LAIP) of leukemia cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. METHODS: Four-color multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) with CD45/SSC gating was used to determine the expression of the following antibodies of CD7, CD117, CD33, CD34, CD10, CD19, CD56, CD38, CD13, CD14, CD64, CD9, CD16, CD2, CD5, CD11b, CD123, HLA-DR in 610 AML patients and 20 normal bone marrow (NBM) samples. RESULTS: The mean percentages of CD34+ and CD117+ side scatter low (SSC(low)) cells in NBM mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were (0.35 +/- 0.15)% and (0.76 +/- 0.31)%, respectively. The majority (84% -95%) of CD34+ SSC(low) cells co-expressed CD13, CD33, CD38, CD117 and HLA-DR. 33% and 20% of CD34+ SSC(low) cells were CD15+ and CD9, respectively. Only a small proportion (< 10%) of CD34 SSC(low) cell co-expressed CD11b, CD56, CD19 and CD64, while co-expressed CD7 was 12%. In CD117 SSC(low) cells, the relative proportions of CD19+, CD11b+, CD56+ and CD7+ were less than 10%, while CD9+ was 14%. CD38+ and HLA-DR+ were 87% and 91%, respectively. The expressions of CD15, CD34, CD13 and CD33 on CD117 SSC(low) cells were between 30% and 50%. In AML patients, most cases were CD117+ (95.08%), CD38+ (94.74%), CD9+ (84.93%), CD33+ (84.60%), HLA-DR+ (77.23%) and CD13 (75.25%). The proportions of CD64+ and CD34+ were 64.41% and 59.51%, and that of CD15 and CD11b+ were 43.06% and 22.07%, respectively. 86.39% of AML patients were found to have at least one LAIP, the highest incidence being in AML-M1 and M3 subtypes and the lowest in AML-M4Eo subtype. The cross-lineage antigen and asynchronous antigen expression were the most frequent aberrant phenotypes. CD7, CD19 and CD56 expressing on CD34+ cells were major cross-lineage antigen. For asynchronous antigen expression, CD34+ CD64+, CD117+ CD11b+ , CD34+ CD38(-/dim) and CD34+ HLA-DR(-/dim) were seldom expressed on normal BMMNCs (about 0.01%), and the logarithm difference between AML and NBM was larger than 3.0, being the more sensitive LAIP. CONCLUSION: MRD detection by multiparameter flow cytometry can be applied to more than 80% of AML patients.