672例静脉血栓栓塞症相关危险因素分析

目的 分析静脉血栓栓塞症（VrrE）住院患者的患病情况、临床特征和危险因素。方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院1994年至2004年住院VTE病例的患病趋势、人口学特点、获得性及遗传性危险因素。结果 共收集VTE患者672例，男：女=1．2：1，中位年龄53（14—92）岁。初发患者580例（86．3％），发病高峰年龄男性患者为40～50岁，女性为50-60岁。主要获得性危险因素有抗磷脂抗体阳性（32．0％）、外伤和（或）手术（31．1％）、肿瘤（17．1％）。其中具有多种获得性危险因素者占35．7％。94例患者在抗凝治疗前取外周血检测了蛋白C（PC）、蛋白S（PS）和抗凝血酶（AT）活性。抗凝蛋白总缺陷率为44．7％，以PC缺乏以及PC与AT联合缺乏为主，分别占13．8％和10．6％。同时具有遗传和获得性危险因素者占31．6％。结论 研究结果显示综合医院的住院VTE病例数呈逐年上升趋势，男性VTE患者的初发年龄较女性提早约10年。主要获得性危险因素为抗磷脂抗体阳性、外伤或手术和肿瘤，而遗传性危险因素则以PC缺乏和PC与AT联合缺乏为主。多种危险因素并存是促发VTE的重要原因。

Risk factors analysis in 672 hospitalized patients with venous thromboembolism

OBJECTIVES: To explore the frequency, clinical features and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients. METHODS: The frequency, demographic features, and acquired and inherited factors of in-patient cases of VTE in Peking union medical college hospital from 1994 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Six hundred and seventy-two patients were enrolled. Among them, male to female ratio was 1.2 and the median age was 53 (14 - 92). Five hundred and eighty (86.3%) patients were at their first diagnosis with the peak ages between 40 and 50 for men and 50 and 60 for women. More common acquired risk factors were antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) (32.0%), trauma / surgery (31.1%) and malignancies (17.1%). 35.7% of the patients had mutiple acquired risk factors. Before the initiation of anticoagulation therapy, the activities of protein C (PC), protein S (PS) and antithrombin (AT) were measured in 94 patients. The deficiency of these three natural anticoagulants was 44.7%. Among the anticoagulant deficiencies, PC deficiency was the commonest one (13.8%). Combined deficiency of PC and AT accounted for 10.6%. 31.6% of the 94 patients had inherited plus acquired risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Age for the first event of VTE in the men was about 10 years ahead of that in the women. The major acquired risk factors were APS, trauma/surgery and malignancies, and inherited risk factors were PC deficiency and PC + AT combined deficiencies. It seems that the coexistence of multiple risk factors plays an important role in triggering VTE.