颈侧切开在颈段食管异物取出中的应用

目的 探讨颈侧切开术治疗颈段食管异物的适应证及诊治要点.方法 回顾性分析1999年1月至2009年1月治疗2189例食管异物患者中137例(6.25%)行颈侧切开术患者的临床资料,其中16岁以上成人组114例,16岁以下未年组23例.成人中食管穿孔67例(58.8%);食管未穿孔患者47例,其中7例合并有食管周围脓肿.未成年人中食管穿孔19例(19/23);食管末穿孔但合并食管周围脓肿3例,未形成脓肿的巨大异物1例.结果 137例异物患者经颈侧切开手术治疗后均痊愈出院.19例(13.9%)患者出现声嘶,3个月内均恢复.成人组5例(3.6%)患者术后出现轻度颈段食管瘢痕性狭窄,行扩张治疗3～11个月完全恢复;9例穿孔食管行二期缝合后穿孔愈合,其余食管穿孔均一期愈合;1例颈总动脉受损行结扎术后患者未出现偏瘫、失语等后遗症;9例气管切开患者中7例住院期间拔除气管套管,2例肥胖患者中1例出院后3个月拔管,1例带管至今.未成年组穿孔食管术中对位缝合后均一期愈合;5例气管切开患儿均拔管.结论 贯穿性食管异物及颈部脓肿是颈侧切开术的适应证,积极防治颈侧切开手术的并发症及合并症,可获得较好疗效.

Application of lateral cervical incision in the removal of the cervical esophageal foreign body

Objective To study the indication and clinical application of lateral neck incision for the removal of cervical esophageal foreign bodies. Methods From January 1999 to January 2009, 2189 cases esophageal foreign bodies were treated. The clinical data of 137 cases (6. 25% ) with lateral neck incision were retrospectively analyzed. In these 137 cases, 114 cases were over 16-years-old (adult group) , while 23 cases were under 16-years-old( children group). In adult group, 67 cases(58. 8% ) had esophageal perforation (esophageal perforation with neck abscess 29 cases, esophageal perforation without neck abscess 38 cases); 47 cases did not have esophageal perforation ( impacted foreign body without neck abscess 40 cases, foreign body with esophageal abscess 7 cases). In children group, 19 cases (82.6%) had esophageal perforation including 15 cases with neck abscess; 4 cases without esophageal perforation, 3 cases had esophageal abscess and one case without abscess but of huge foreign body. Results All 137 patients with foreign body were cured through lateral neck incision. Nineteen cases(13. 9% ) had hoarseness and recovered in 3 months. Five adult patients had post-operative cicatrical stricture of the esophagus, but it was mild and completely recovered by the treatment of dilatation in 3 to 11 months. Nine adult patients with esophageal perforation were cured by secondary suture, the remaining esophageal perforation cases were healed by first intention. One case with common carotid artery impairement by the foreign body was successfully treated by carotid artery ligation without hemiplegia, aphasia and other sequelae. Two cases had cardiopulmonary arrest, 2 cases had febrile convulsions and 1 case had acute respiratory failure, 5 cases had septic shock, all these patients were effectively controlled and cured. Seven of the 9 cases with tracheotomy had the tracheal tube removed during hospitalization; 1 of the two obese patients had the extubation 3 months after the discharge and the other one still had the tube. All esophageal perforation cases in children group had primary healing by perforation apposition suture. Four of the 5 children had successful tracheotomy decannulation, one child had extubation by 2 months through continuously reduced tracheal tube model. Conclusion Penetrating esophageal foreign body and neck abscess were indication of the lateral neck incision, and positive prevention and cure the complications of lateral neck incision could achieve good curative effect .