急性爆发性真菌性鼻窦炎

目的　探讨急性爆发性真菌性鼻窦炎 (acutefulminantfungalsinusitis ,AFFS)的临床特征、诊断标准及治疗原则。方法　回顾收治的 6例较典型的AFFS病例诊断和治疗过程。其中结合全身疾病病史 ,发热伴颜面部、眼部及鼻部症状 ,影像学 ,鼻内镜及鼻腔分泌物真菌涂片检查 ,在患者就诊的 2 4h内做出初步诊断 5例。在此基础上鼻内镜下行全组鼻窦开放术 ,切除全部坏死组织至露出新鲜创面 5例。根据临床及影像学表现 ,进行眶内容物切除 1例。术后同时进行原发病治疗以及全身抗真菌治疗 5例。结果　 6例病例经过病理、真菌涂片及培养证实为鼻窦黏膜侵袭性真菌感染 ,其中毛霉菌 1例 ,根霉菌 2例 ,链隔孢霉菌 1例 ,曲霉菌 1例 ,毛霉菌根霉菌混合 1例。 1例未在第一时间诊断 ,且未经抗真菌治疗的患者于住院第 7天死亡 ,1例抗真菌治疗及清创术后 88d死亡 ,2例分别于治疗后 3 2个月和 6个月死于白血病 ,2例经上述治疗后分别随访 9个月和 11个月无复发 ,后者为本组唯一进行眶内容物摘除者。结论　根据病史 ,眼或颜面症状 ,鼻腔内干痂以及影像学尤其是磁共振成像 ,分泌物真菌涂片检查 ,可以在患者到鼻科就诊的 2 4h内做出AFFS的诊断。包括及时彻底的根治性清创 ,足量静脉内二性霉素B注射 ,完全控制原发病以及足够的全身支

Acute fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis

Objective To discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic criterion and treatment principle of acute fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AFFS) Methods Six patients were diagnosed as AFFS based on history, nose, especially eye symptoms with or without fever, sinus CT and MRI , endoscopic and cytological findings in the nasal cavity Surgical debridement was performed on 5 of 6 biopsy proven AFFS patients, one of them being amputated of the orbital content With the original disease controlled simultaneously, 4 of 5 patients were prescribed with systemic amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B (1 case) and one with Itraconazole orally One patient had not been involved with any of the anti-fungi measures Result Mucor (Zygomycetes) was identified on culture in 1 patient, Rhizopus species in 2, Aspergillus in 1, Alternaria in 1 and mixed Mucor and Rhizopus in 1 All patients were proved of tissue invasion histopathologically through biopsy One patient died without any anti-fungi therapy on the 7th admission day, 3 patients survived for 88 days, 32 and 6 months respectively and died of original diseases (diabetes 1, leukaemia 2) One patient survived 9 months and lost for follow- up, 1 patient survived 11 months after treatment Conclusion A high index of suspicion and early endoscopic investigation through nasal cavity with fungal investigation should highly be strengthened for recognition of this disease MRI findings should be considered as, or even more, important as that of CT scan on the early diagnoses Extensive and aggressive surgical debridement, prompt and enough dosage of antifungal therapy intravenously, together with serious controlling of the underlying disease, all take important roles in the complete control of the disease