注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的工作记忆存储特征

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童工作记忆存储能力特征。方法:对26名符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的ADHD儿童和39名年龄及性别与之匹配的正常儿童,进行中国修订-韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)、背数测验变式、方块图敲击试验变式和Kaufman儿童能力评估成套测验的寻找位置和手动作分测验测试,测查言语工作记忆和视空间工作记忆存储能力。结果:ADHD组在10 s后背数测验(5.5±1.3)vs.(6.8±1.5)]、倒背数字(3.3±1.1)vs.(4.1±1.0)]、方块图敲击试验(4.4±1.1)vs.(5.1±0.8)]、10 s后敲击试验(3.4±1.3)vs.(4.1±1.1)]、手动作测试(8.5±3.3)vs.(10.4±3.1)]得分均低于正常组(均P0.05),两组在顺序背数测试(6.6±1.0)vs.(7.1±1.0)]和寻找位置测试(10.3±2.8)vs.(11.5±2.8)]得分差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。多重线性回归分析表明,10 s后背数测试(β=0.31)、方块图敲击测试(β=0.29)、10秒后敲击试验(β=0.24)的得分高低与是否患ADHD相关(P0.05)。结论:ADHD儿童可能存在语音环信息保持能力损害和空间序列性信息存储能力缺陷。

Characteristics of storage capacity of working memory in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of storage capacity of working memory in children with(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD).Methods: Twenty-six children with ADHD were selected as the case group who were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-IV),and 39 age-and sex-matched normal children were selected as the control group.All the subjects were assessed with the China Version-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC),modified version of number recall,modified version of tapping test,spatial memory and hand movement in Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children(K-ABC),to examine their storage capacity of working memory.Results: The ADHD group got lower scores in the items of orthodromic number recall(10 s later) (5.5± 1.3) vs.(6.8±1.5)],reverse number recall (3.3±1.1) vs.(4.1±1.0)],orthodromic click (4.4±1.1) vs.(5.1±0.8)],orthodromic click(10 s later) (3.4±1.3) vs.(4.1±1.1)] in tapping test,and hand movement test (8.5± 3.3) vs.(10.4± 3.1),P<0.05)].There were no significant differences between the two groups in scores of orthodromic number recall (6.6± 1.0) vs.(7.1± 1.0)] and spatial memory (10.3± 2.8) vs.(11.5± 2.8)](Ps>0.05).Multiple linear regression model indicated that the lower scores of orthodromic number recall(10 s later)(β=0.31),orthodromic click(β=0.29) and orthodromic click(10 s later) score(β=0.24) in tapping test were related to ADHD(Ps<0.05).Conclusion: It suggests that the children with ADHD might have the deficiency of visuo-spatial sketch pad with remembering orthodromic information and low capacity to keep information in phonological loop.