注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的工作记忆损害特征

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童工作记忆功能特征。方法:本研究为横断面研究。根据美国精神疾病诊断和统计手册第4版(DSM-IV),对符合ADHD诊断标准的未经治疗的100名门诊患儿及年龄、性别相匹配的100名正常儿童分别采用韦氏儿童智力测验量表中国修订本(C-WISC)及其中的顺背数字(反映言语存贮、加工)、倒背数字(反映言语存贮、加工、中央执行)、Corsi木块和空间n-Back任务(反映视空间存贮和中央执行)进行言语及空间工作记忆测试。结果:ADHD组儿童在顺背数字最高位数及总得分、倒背数字最高位数及总得分、Corsi木块最多木块数及总得分均低于对照组儿童,空间2-Back任务反应时短于对照组儿童(均P0.05)。结论:ADHD儿童存在工作记忆功能缺陷,此缺陷涉及言语环路、视空间存贮系统及中央执行。

Working memory deficits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objective: To explore the characteristics of working memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods: According to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorderss,Fourth Edition(DSM-IV),100 medication-naive children with ADHD and 100 age-and sex-matched healthy children were included in this cross-sectioal study.They were measured with neuropsychological tests including the full-scale IQ(FIQ)(i.e,C-WISC),digit forward(concerning verbal storage and processing),digit backward(concerning verbal storage,processing and central cxecutive),Corsi blocks task,and spatial n-back(visual-spatial storage and central executive).Results: In this sample,compared to healthy concols,ADHD children scored lower in the longest and raw score of digit forward [(6.7±1.4) vs.(8.0±1.2),(8.7±2.7) vs.(11.4±2.1)],the longest and raw score in digit backward [(3.2±0.9) vs.(4.3±1.3),(3.9±1.6) vs.(6.2±2.5)],the longest and raw score in Corsi blocks test [(3.9±0.9) vs.(4.7±1.0),(6.7±1.6) vs.(8.6±1.8)],and got shorter response time in 2-Back [(699.8±323.6) vs.(914.4±412.1)].Conclusion: The results suggest that there is significant deficiency in working memory in children with ADHD.And the deficiency is involed in the phonological loop,the visuospatial sketchpad storage systems and a central executive.