心肌组织工程细胞外基质的研究进展

心肌组织工程技术的问世良好地解决了心肌梗死后组织细胞移植过程中出现的一系列问题,同时也建立为选择更好材料及更好移植手段的技术平台。但无论是动物实验研究还是最近的临床试验都表明,目前细胞移植手段仍存在不少缺陷,主要在于优良种子细胞的缺乏以及移植后细胞的低生存率和低分化率。在这种背景下,作为心肌组织工程支架材料的细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)越来越受到人们的关注和重视,成为近些年来医学研究的前沿和热点。而ECM也不再仅仅被理解为一种支架材料或是一种组织,而是能为细胞提供必要信号、影响细胞内增殖、分化和代谢重要途径的关键角色。ECM相关模型大致可分为以下几类:天然生物支架材料、人工合成高分子支架材料以及物理和生物学特性更加平衡的复合支架材料。我们对近几年心肌组织工程领域ECM方面的研究进展及ECM的材料进行综述。

Research Progress of Myocardial Tissue Engineering Extracellular Matrix

The establishing of myocardial tissue engineering techniques not only solve a series of issues that generate in cell and tissue transplantation after myocardial infarction,but also create a platform for selecting better materials and transplantation techniques.However,both experimental animal studies and recent clinical trials indicate that current transplantation techniques still have many defects,mainly including lack of suitable seed cells,low survival rate and low differentiation rate after transplantation.In this context,extracellular matrix(ECM),as myocardial tissue engineering scaffold materials,has gained increasing attention and become a frontier and focus of medical research in recent years.ECM is no longer merely regarded as a scaffold or a tissue,but plays an important role in providing essential signals to influence major intracellular pathways such as cell proliferation,differentiation and metabolism.The involved models of ECM can be classified into following types:natural biological scaffold materials,synthetic polymer scaffold materials and composite scaffold materials with more balanced physical and biological properties.This review mainly introduces research progress of ECM in myocardial tissue engineering and ECM materials.