情绪音乐库的初步编制与评定

目的:建立一套适用于中国的标准化音乐刺激材料库。方法:从音乐网站、论坛等收集到预期能引起积极、中性和消极情绪的音乐199首,请音乐专业人士及乐感较好的若干小组成员依据诱发情绪的明确性、音乐的熟悉度和声音的质量三个标准筛选出78首音乐。征集160名在校大学生,对音乐的愉悦度、唤醒度和表达性进行自我报告的9点量表评分。结果:三维度的各评分段均有一定数量音乐材料分布,中、高分段音乐数量偏多,占总数70%以上;愉悦度、唤醒度和表达性评分两两之间具有较高正相关(r=0.85～0.90,均P0.01),唤醒度对表达性与愉悦度关系的调节效应显著(β=-0.17,P0.01);在对3个维度的评分上,男生组和女生组均呈较高正相关(r=0.95～0.99,均P0.01),但男生愉悦度和唤醒度评分均明显高于女生(均P0.05);聚类分析将音乐聚为3类,分别可引发预期的积极、中性和消极三种情绪。结论:本研究初步编制了一套情绪音乐库,可作为情绪刺激材料,但仍有待扩充和更细致的评定。

Preliminary establishment and assessment of Affective Music System

Objective: To establish a set of standard music stimuli for emotional research in China.Methods: Totally 199 pieces of music that were believed to induce positive,neutral and negative emotion were collected in diverse ways,including music websites and forums.Seventy-eight pieces of them were selected for this study by music experts with emotional specificity,music familiarity and sound quality as standards.Totally 160 college students were recruited and instructed to rate these pieces of music on happiness,arousal and expression with a 9-point rating scale.Results: The scores for the different pieces of music varied widely,with middle and high scores accounting for 70% of the total ratings.The rating scores for happiness,arousal and expression were strongly positive correlated with each other(r=0.85-0.90,Ps<0.01).Arousal significantly moderated expression’ s influence on happiness(β=-0.17,P<0.001).The male students’ rating scores were highly positive correlated with those of female students for happiness,arousal and expression(r=0.95-0.99,Ps<0.01).The male students’ average scores for happiness (5.5±1.4) vs.(5.4±1.3),P<0.05] and arousal (5.7±1.2) vs.(5.5±1.3),P<0.05] were higher than those of females.Cluster analysis was used to identify three categories of music representing positive,neutral and negative emotional reactions.Conclusion: The present study has established a set of music system that could be used as emotional stimulus.However,further studies are needed to improve the quality of some aspects of the set.