抑郁认知易感者对负性面孔的注意特征

目的:探讨抑郁认知易感者在负性情绪信息加工任务中的注意特征。方法:采用方便取样选取在校大学生1287人,获有效问卷1201份,使用认知方式问卷(CSQ)进行测查。根据最弱连接计算方法获得抑郁认知易感者(CV组)151人和非抑郁认知易感者(NCV组)192人。从两组中选取95人(CV组47人,NCV组48人)参与情绪面孔点探测任务,比较两组在任务中的正确率、反应时及偏倚分差异。结果:参加情绪点探测任务的95人中,有2人的数据(两组各1人)总正确率低于90%而被剔除。正确率与反应时的组间差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。CV组和NCV组在愤怒面孔注意偏倚分上差异有统计学意义,CV组的偏倚分大于NCV组(P0.05)。将偏倚分与零进行单一样本t检验显示,CV组在悲伤及愤怒面孔对上的注意偏倚分均大于零,而NCV组则在愉快面孔中的注意偏倚分大于零。结论:与非抑郁认知易感者相比,抑郁认知易感者在面对愤怒面孔时,其注意力更难从中脱离出来,且抑郁认知易感者对愉悦面孔的注意不够。对负性情绪面孔的注意偏倚是抑郁认知易感者的认知特征之一。

Attentional pattern to negative face in subjects with cognitive vulnerability to depression

Objective:To investigate the attentional characteristics in negative emotional information processing of the subjects with cognitive vulnerability to depression(CV).Methods:The cognitive style questionnaire(CSQ) was used in 1287 undergraduates,and 1201 effective questionnaires were got.The subjects with CV(n=151) and subjects without CV(NCV,n=192) were selected by weakest-link approach.Forty-seven subjects with CV and 48 subjects without CV performed dot-probe task with emotional faces as stimulus.The behavioral data such as the accuracy rate,response time and attentional bias scores(ABS) were analyzed.Results:Two subjects’ data were removed for their accuracy rates were less than ninety percent.There were no significant differences between CV group and NCV group on accuracy rate and response time(Ps>0.05).In the tasks with anger face as stimulus,the attentional bias scores in the CV group were higher than those in the NCV group [(16.0±30.3) vs.(3.0±27.4),P<0.05].It showed that the attentional bias scores with sad and anger faces as stimulus were larger than zero in CV group while the ABS for happy faces were larger than zero in NCV group.Conclusion:It suggests that the attentional bias to negative faces may be a characteristic pattern of emotional information processing in persons with cognitive vulnerability to depression.