Cerebrospinal fluid soluble programmed death-ligand 1 is a useful prognostic biomarker in primary central nervous system lymphoma |
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| Authors: | Chieh-Lung Cheng Chi-Yuan Yao Po-Hao Huang Chih-Wei Yu Wei-Quan Fang Wen-Hui Chuang Shang-Ju Wu Yu-Jen Lin Yu-Chin Hung Cheng-Hong Tsai Shan-Chi Yu Wen-Chien Chou Hwei-Fang Tien |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;3. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;4. Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;5. Division of New Drug, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei, Taiwan;6. Department of Hematological Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan;7. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan;8. Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;9. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | The increased expression of programmed death-ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and PD-L2, respectively) on tumour cells contributes to immune evasion, suggesting that these proteins are attractive therapeutic targets. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and soluble PD-L2 (sPD-L2) as biomarkers for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We determined the CSF concentrations of sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 in 46 patients with PCNSL using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A control group comprised 153 patients with other brain tumours, inflammatory/infectious status, or neurodegenerative diseases. Only CSF sPD-L1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PCNSL relative to the controls. CSF sPD-L1 also exhibited superior overall discrimination performance compared to CSF sPD-L2 in diagnosing PCNSL. Compared with patients with PCNSL with low CSF sPD-L1 levels, more patients with high levels had high serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, leptomeningeal involvement, and deep-brain involvement. Furthermore, CSF sPD-L1 could predict poor survival in PCNSL but CSF sPD-L2 could not. Intriguingly, CSF sPD-L1 levels were correlated with disease status and their dynamic changes post treatment could predict time to relapse. In conclusion, this study identified CSF sPD-L1 as a promising prognostic biomarker, indicating a therapeutic potential of PD-L1 blockade in PCNSL. |
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| Keywords: | biomarker cerebrospinal fluid primary central nervous system lymphoma soluble PD-L1 soluble PD-L2 |
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