肠道及肺部菌群与支气管肺发育不良的研究进展

随着围产期综合救治水平的提高，早产儿的存活率不断提高。多种围产期因素影响着早产儿未成熟的肺，造成肺损伤。支气管肺发育不良是早产儿最常见的慢性肺损伤性疾病，严重威胁早产儿的生命健康。人体微生物群对人类生命过程有着复杂且持久的影响。随着二代测序技术的出现，越来越多的人体微生物及其功能被揭秘。目前有很多证据表明，在早产儿的肺发育过程中，肠道及肺部菌群扮演着重要的角色，菌群失调和支气管肺发育不良有着密切的联系。目前对菌群与支气管肺发育不良的发病机制仍知之甚少，还需要更多的研究来揭示其中的奥秘。本文综述了早产儿肠道菌群和肺部菌群的特点，以及在支气管肺发育不良中的变迁，为支气管肺发育不良的治疗提供更多更好的选择。

Research progress of intestinal and pulmonary microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

With the improvement of perinatal comprehensive treatment，the survival rate of premature infants is continuously improved. The immature lungs of prematurity are susceptible to a variety of perinatal factors，resulting in lung damage. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia（BPD）is known as the most common chronic lung disease in premature infants，threatening the life and health of them seriously. Microbiota has a complex and persistent influence on human life. More and more microbiota and their functions had been discovered with the emergence of next -generation sequencing technology. Currently，numerous evidences proved that intestinal microbiota and lung microbiota played important roles in the lung development of premature infants，and the microbiota dysbiosis was closely related to BPD. However，the mechanism is still poorly understood，and more researches are needed to uncover the pathogenesis. This review summarized the characteristics of lung and intestinal microbiota in premature infants and the changes in BPD to provide optimization scheme for the treatment of BPD in the future.