甘肃省2012-2022年肾综合征出血热自然疫源地特征分析

目的 探讨甘肃省肾综合征出血热（HFRS）自然疫源地现状特征。方法 收集2012-2022年甘肃省HFRS病例数据和啮齿类动物（鼠类）密度监测资料，应用流行病学方法分析调查疫源地特征。结果 2012-2022年甘肃省共报告HFRS病例869例，死亡4例，年发病率在0.05/10万~1.21/10万之间，病例主要分布于甘肃省东部的平凉市、东南部的天水市、南部的甘南藏族自治州（甘南州），以及中部以南的定西市；20~60岁年龄组居多，男女性别比为1.85∶1（564∶305），职业以农民（61.80%，537/869）、牧民（19.79%，172/869）和学生（6.33%，55/869）为主。野鼠型发病以每年11月至次年1月为高峰。啮齿类宿主动物以褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠和小家鼠为主，汉滩病毒携带率分别为2.79%（21/754）、0.42%（5/1 179）和0.31%（2/643）。甘肃省目前确定了3个疫源地，其中2个分别是平凉市和甘南州的新发疫源地，另1个为定西市的老疫源地。结论 甘肃省南部、中部以南和东部地区是目前主要的HFRS疫源地，宿主动物以褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠和小家鼠为主，病毒基因型为汉滩病毒。病例报告地区应加强疫情的监测，疫情重点地区应强化和落实各项预防和控制措施，以减少HFRS带来的危害。

Analysis on the characteristics of natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Gansu Province， 2012-2022

Objective To explore the characteristics of natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Gansu Province. Methods The information of HFRS case data and rodent density monitoring data from 2012 to 2022 in Gansu Province were collected and epidemiological methods were used to analyze and investigate the characteristics of the epidemic focus. Results A total of 869 cases of HFRS were reported, and four patients died from 2012 to 2022. The annual incidence rate is between 0.05 per 100 000 and 1.21 per 100 000. The cases were mainly distributed in the eastern, southeast, southern, and south of the central region of Gansu Province. Most cases were distributed between age 20-60, and the sex ratio was 1.85∶1 (564∶305). Most cases were farmers (61.80%, 537/869), herdsmen (19.79%,172/869) and students (6.33%, 55/869). In a wild rat-type epidemic focus,the incidence peak was from November to January of the following year. The natural rodent hosts of HFRS were Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, and Mus musculus. The hantaan virus carriage rates were 2.79% (21/754), 0.42% (5/1 179) and 0.31% (2/643),respectively. Three epidemic foci were defined: two derived from the Pingliang and Gannan prefecture new outbreaks epidemic foci, respectively, while the other was the residue of the Dingxi epidemic focus. Conclusions The southern, south of the central region and eastern part of Gansu Province are current key HFRS epidemic foci dominated by Rattus norvegicus,Apodemus agrarius, and Mus musculus, respectively. The virus genotype is hantaan virus. Case reporting areas should strengthen epidemic monitoring; the key epidemic areas should strengthen and implement various prevention and control measures to reduce the harm caused by HFRS.