媒介报告的全国危险化学品事故分析

目的分析化学事故的发生类型、伤亡情况、涉及的主要化学品以及主要原因等,为化学事故的防制和危险化学品的管理提供依据.方法收集2003年9月～2004年10月期间新闻网站报道的全国649起化学事故,并进行统计分析.结果649起事故中死亡1197人;受伤4263人,其中中毒人数为3592人.事故类型以燃爆和泄漏为主.燃爆事故中以死亡人数为多,而泄漏事故则以中毒伤为主;井喷事故虽少发,但致死率高;化学性食物中毒多发且影响巨大.煤气和天然气发生燃爆最常见,而煤气和氨气是泄漏事故多发的毒源.事故的主要原因是设备跑、冒、滴、漏或者意外,其次是操作不慎、交通事故和违章操作.结论政府、企业(或单位)以及个人应针对化学事故类型和原因共同努力,积极参与化学事故的预防和控制,以更好地保护人民的财产和生命安全.

Data Analysis of Chemical Accidents Reported by Media in China

Objective To analyze the type of chemical accidents,the injury and death,the involved chemicals and main causes and then provide scientific basis for the administration of the chemicals,prevention and control of chemical accidents.Methods 649 cases of chemical accidents reported in news websites in China during September 2003 to October 2004 were collected and analyzed statistically.Results The accidents caused 1 197 death and 4 263 injury and among them 3 592 cases were poisoned.The most types of accidents were burning/explosion and leaking,which were key causations of death and poisoning,respectively.Outburst of gas well was uncommon but it resulted in high death rate when it occurred.Reporting of food poisoning due to chemicals was very common and it had great social influence.Coal gas and natural gas were the major chemicals involved in burning or explosion,while coal gas and ammonia were the main sources of leaking.The primary causes of the accidents were leaking or accident,incautious operation,traffic accidents and violation of operating regulations.Conclusion The government,company and individual should make great efforts together to prevent and control chemical accidents,in order to better protect safety of people's property and lives.