上海市已婚育龄妇女非宫内节育器避孕方法使用情况

目的 对上海市已婚育龄妇女的非宫内节育器避孕方法使用的实际情况和实际效果进行调查，以期能为制订进一步提高避孕节育方法效果的对策提供科学依据。方法 采用分层和整群抽样相结合的流行病学调查方法，调查上海市常住户口年龄小于49岁已婚育龄妇女避孕方法的使用情况，效果和失败原因。结果 口服避孕药和注射避孕针、安全期、避孕套、外用避孕药和体外排精法的Pearl’s有效指数分别为96．5、95．1、93．3、92．4和91．0／100妇女年。口服避孕药和注射避孕针、避孕套和外用避孕药的使用失败占69．2％～81．7％，方法失败占18．3％～30．8％。在使用失败者中，口服避孕药和注射避孕针对象的漏服和漏注占89．3％；避孕套避孕中没有使用占52．2％，避孕套破裂占29．3％；外用避孕药没有使用占39．3％；安全期避孕失败中安全期算错占65．9％，月经变得不规则占34．1％。结论 为了进一步提高上述避孕方法的有效性，应加强个别的技术指导和咨询，特别是安全期的正确计算；并且在育龄人群中推广综合避孕方法。

A survey on non-IUD contraceptives use among married fertile-aged women in shanghai

Objectives To survey the actual situation of the use of non-IUD contraceptives and their efficacy among fertile aged married women in Shanghai,with a hope to make strategies under the support of fact related evidence to further increase the efficacy of these contraceptive methods. Methods Stratified random and cluster sampling methods were employed in this study. Results The efficacy Pearl Index of Ocs & injectable pill,safe period,condom,spermicides and withdraw method were 96.5,95.1,93.3,92.4,and 91.0 per 100 women-year respectively.The rates for use failure were from 69.2 % to 81.7 % and the method failure were from 18.3 % to 30.8 %.The main failure reasons for OCS was missing administration of the pill (89.3 %),did not using (52.2 %), condom rupturing (29.3 %);did not using spermicides(39.3 %);Condoms miscalculating of safe period (65.9 %) and menstrual disorder (34.1 %). Conclusion In order to further increase the efficacy of non-IUD contraceptives,it is supposed that the availability of contraceptives should be widened,the technical instruction and personnel counseling,especially the knowledge of safe period,should be intensified In addition,comprehensive contraceptive methods should be encouraged to use among fertile-aged population.