中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)

目的了解上海市嘉定区某社区2型糖尿病患者、患者家属及一般居民的糖尿病防治知识知晓情况，为优化社区糖尿病健康教育提供依据。方法于2017年11—12月采用多阶段抽样方法，抽取嘉定区某社区≥35岁的社区常住居民进行面对面问卷调查。问卷内容包括一般情况、健康状况、糖尿病相关知识知晓情况等。结果共调查居民1 091人，获得有效问卷1 088份，糖尿病防治知识知晓率为51.4%。2型糖尿病患者、患者家属、一般居民的知晓率分别为71.0%、60.2%、45.9%，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；典型症状、危险因素、并发症、控制措施等4个糖尿病防治知识点的知晓率分别为70.0%、62.2%、64.7%、75.0%，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)，3种不同人群对每个知识点的知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)；糖尿病防治知识知晓率上海市户籍居民高于非上海市户籍居民，且随着文化程度、家庭人均月收入等级提升呈上升趋势，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；患者对糖尿病防治知识的知晓率不受性别、文化程度、户籍、家庭人均月收入等因素的影响，患者家属可能会受性别和文化程度等因素的影响，一般居民可能受性别、户籍、文化程度、家庭人均月收入等因素影响。结论应强化糖尿病危险因素知识的普及，关注非上海市户籍、男性、低收入和文化程度偏低的人群。同时应积极对患者家属进行糖尿病防治知识的健康教育。

Prevalence and ethnic pattern of diabetes and prediabetes in China in 2013

ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the diabetes-related knowledge among the type 2 diabetes patients, family members and general residents of a community in Jiading District of Shanghai, providing a basis for optimizing community diabetes health management services.MethodsFrom November to December 2017, through multi-stage sampling, a face-to-face survey was conducted among residents aged 35 or more in Jiading District.The questionnaires included general information, health status, and knowledge about diabetes and so on.ResultsA total of 1 091 residents were investigated, and 1 088 valid questionnaires obtained.The knowledge rate of diabetes prevention and treatment was 51.4%.The awareness rates of the three groups were patients (71.0%), patients′ family members (60.2%), and general residents (45.9%), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).The awareness rates of the four knowledge points were as follows typical symptoms (70.0%), risk factors (62.2%), complications (64.7%), and control measures (75.0%), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01).The knowledge rate of diabetes prevention and treatment was higher in Shanghainese than in non-Shanghainese, and with the increase of education level and family per capita monthly income level, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Patients′ knowledge of diabetes prevention and treatment was not affected by factors such as gender, education level, household registration and family per capita monthly income.Patients′ family members in their knowledge may be affected by factors such as gender and education level, while general residents by gender, household registration, education level and family per capita monthly income.ConclusionThe popularization should be strengthened of knowledge of diabetes risk factors, and attention given to the low-income and low-educated non-Shanghainese male population.At the same time, the family members of the patients should be actively given health education of diabetes prevention and treatment knowledge.