Ultrasound image of human masseter muscle related to bite force, electromyography, facial morphology, and occlusal factors

The thickness of the human masseter muscle, corresponding approximately to a cross-section at the most bulky part of the superficial portion, was measured by ultrasound scanning at three sites 1 cm apart. The study included 13 women, 21–28 yr of age, with a minimum of 24 teeth and without craniomandibular disorders. Ultrasonography produced a well-defined depiction of the muscle with distinct tendinous structures. The average thickness at the measuring sites varied from 8.83 to 11.08 mm with the muscle relaxed, and increased significantly during contraction to average values between 9.84 and 12.57 mm. The study showed a connection between measures of masseter thickness and function of the muscle, as well as parameters generally associated with masseter muscle function. Muscle thickness at the voluminous anterior part of the superficial portion was systematically and significantly correlated to bite force, occlusal tooth contact and cephalometric data (anterior face height, vertical jaw relation and mandibular inclination). In conclusion, ultrasound scanning gave an uncomplicated and a reproducible access to parameters of jaw muscle function and its interaction with the craniomandibular system.