近视病因与发病机制的研究进展

近视是发病率较高的眼病,其中高度近视眼底病变是常见的致盲病因.通常认为近视的发生是环境与遗传因素共同作用的结果.而病理性近视的发生,目前认为与遗传因素高度相关,国内外对其基因定位有多种认识,但尚无定论.绝大多数近视属轴性近视,由玻璃体腔的过度延伸导致眼球前后径延长、光线经屈光介质作用后聚焦于视网膜前所致.近视的发生发展受到高位神经中枢和眼内局部两种作用机制的调控.对近视的病因从遗传和环境两方面因素进行综述,重点阐述在基因水平、细胞水平和分子水平上对近视发病机制的研究进展.

Progression in research of the pathogenesis of myopia

Myopia is the most common human eye disorder in the world. Severe or high-grade myopia is a leading cause of blindness. We summarize genetic and environmental factors involved in the development of myopia. Multiple high-grade myopia genetic loci have been identified,but the exact pathogenesis of myopia remains unclear. Most myopia is caused by vitreous axial elongation,refracting to the light focus on the front of retina. The development of myopia is controled by two mechanism including high central and local in the eye. In this paper we focus on the genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms in the development of myopia.