北京某城区居室内空气污染现状及其影响因素

目的调查北京市某城区居室内空气污染现状,初步探讨影响室内空气中甲醛和氮氧化物(NOx)浓度的室内因素。方法在北京市西城区随机抽取463位居民进行室内环境状况问卷调查,从被调查者中随机抽取91户家庭,入户监测其室内空气中甲醛和NOx浓度。采用多元线性模型进行回归分析,筛选出与室内空气中甲醛、NOx浓度密切相关的室内因素。结果室内空气中甲醛日平均浓度为0.049mg/m3,超标率为13%,装修过的家庭卧室空气中甲醛浓度(0.058mg/m3)明显高于未装修家庭(0.034mg/m3),差异具有高度显著性(P<0.001);卧室和厨房空气中NOx日平均浓度分别为0.053和0.090mg/m3,超标率分别为9%和48%,其浓度差异具有高度显著性(P<0.001);装修与否、每月天然气用量、排烟渠道通向入选卧室空气中甲醛浓度回归方程;居室净高、吸烟与否入选卧室空气中NOx浓度回归方程;使用面积、居室净高、采样时间内开火做饭次数入选厨房空气中NOx浓度回归方程。结论该城区居民室内空气中甲醛和NOx污染较严重,家庭装修与卧室空气中甲醛浓度关系最密切,天然气燃烧是厨房空气中NOx和卧室空气中甲醛的重要来源,吸烟是卧室空气中NOx的重要来源之一。

The Current Status and Influence Factors of Indoor Air Pollution in Urban Area in Beijing

Objective To investigate the current status of the indoor air pollution in urban area in Beijing and find the influence factors for the concentrations of formaldehyde and nitrogen oxides (NOx) indoors. Methods 463 persons were chosen randomly from Xicheng district of Beijing to complete the questionnaires about their indoor environment condition. The levels of formaldehyde and NOx were monitored in the bedrooms and the kitchens of 91 households. And we used the multi-regression model to find out some influence factors that related to formaldehyde and NOx concentration. Results The average daily concentration of formaldehyde in the bedrooms was about 0.049 mg/m3 and the rate of excess standard was 13%. The formaldehyde pollution in the decorated rooms (0.058 mg/m3) was more serious than that in the control rooms (0.034 mg/m3) and there was statistically significant difference between them (P<0.001). The average concentration of NOx in the bedrooms and in the kitchens was 0.053 mg/m3 and 0.090 mg/m3 respectively and the rate of excess standard was 9%and 48% respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the concentration of NOx in bedrooms and kitchens (P<0.001). Decoration, monthly natural gas consumption and exhaust channel were selected into the regression equation of bedroom formaldehyde; net height of house and smoking were selected into the regression equation of bedroom NOx; floor space, net height of house and frequency of cooking were selected into the regression equation of kitchen NOx. Conclusion The formaldehyde and NOx pollution in the indoor is very serious in the concerned area in Beijing. The decoration of house is the most important factor for the indoor formaldehyde concentration. Natural gas for cooking is the primary source of NOx in kitchens and is also one of the important sources of formaldehyde in bedrooms. Smoking is one of the main sources of NOx in bedrooms.