Microglial cell upregulation of HIV-1 expression in the chronically infected promonocytic cell line U1: the role of tumor necrosis factor-α |
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Authors: | Phillip K Peterson Genya Gekker Shuxian Hu Yuri Schoolov Henry H Balfour Jr Chun C Chao |
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Abstract: | Culture supernatants from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine microglial cells were found to markedly induce the expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in the chronically infected human promonocytic cell line U1 as detected by measurements of HIV-1 p24 antigen release into U1 culture supernatants. Antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α had an inhibitory effect on the induction of virus by microglial cell supernatants. Also, treatment of microglia with pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-α production, resulted in suppressed amounts of TNF in the supernatants of LPS-treated microglia and in a reduced stimulatory capacity of these supernatants on HIV-1 expression in U1 cells. These findings support the concept that TNF-α production by glial cells plays a pathogenetic role in HIV-1-associated brain disease by promoting the expression of the virus in infected cells. |
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Keywords: | Microglia Human immunodeficiency virus-1 Promonocyte Tumor necrosis factor-α Pentoxifylline |
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