三军官兵利他主义及其心理社会影响因素研究

目的：探讨三军官兵利他主义观与心理社会影响因素的相关性，为部队官兵的心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用人性的哲学量表中的利他主义分量表、症状自评量表、卡特尔16种人格因素问卷、生活事件量表对1783名官兵进行心理测评。统计处理采用秩变换方差分析、Pearson 相关分析及 Amos 路径分析。结果不同文化程度官兵在负性利他主义组间差异具有统计学意义；新兵以及不同军兵种在正、负性利他主义方面差异均有统计学意义；官兵利他主义与个性因素、SCL-90总分及其各因子均具有高度显著性相关；Amos 路径分析显示存在7条显著路径，并发现通过人格因素的中介调节作用后，生活事件和心理健康因素对官兵利他主义的影响均得以放大。结论官兵利他主义在不同文化程度、军种、年代上具有差异性，并且受到心理健康、个性、生活事件因素的影响。

Altruism of Navy,Army and Air Force Soldiers and Psychosocial Influencing Factors

Objectives To explore the altruism of soldiers and its influencing psychosocial factors,to provide evi-dence of mental health education of soldiers.Methods 1 783 soldiers were evaluated with altruism scale of Philoso-phies of Human Nature （PHN）,Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）,1 6 personality factor questionnaire （1 6PF）and Life Event Scale （LES）.Methods of rank transform ANOVA,Pearson correlation and Amos pathway analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results The difference in the aspect of negative altruism between soldiers of dif-ferent education background was statistically significant.Statistically significance were observed between old and new recruited soldiers,and soldiers from different military branches in the aspects of both positive and negative al-truism.Soldiers＇altruism was highly correlated with their personality,SCL-90 total score and factors.Amos path analysis showed the presence of seven remarkable pathways.It also discovered that through the regulation of per-sonality factors,the life events and mental health factors＇impact on altruism were able to magnify.Conclusions Sol-diers＇altruism differs with different education level,military branches and age and is influenced by mental health, personality and life event.