人工全髋关节置换骨水泥和无骨水泥假体股骨近端广泛骨溶解的定量分析

背景:目前国内文献只对股骨近端骨溶解进行形态学的观察,尚无定量研究的报告。目的:通过股骨近端骨密度的变化规律,定量分析人工全关节置换术后股骨近端骨溶解改变情况。设计:患者自身前后对照观察。单位:解放军第四军医大学唐都医院骨科。对象:选择1994-03/2004-03第四军医大学唐都医院骨科完成的人工全髋关节置换术患者26例28髋,男14例16髋,女12例12髋。假体类型:改良Moore型骨水泥假体16例17髋为骨水泥假体组,平均年龄57岁;无骨水泥表面微孔型假体10例11髋为无骨水泥假体组,(下转第192页)平均年龄55岁。术前患者诊断均为创伤性关节炎,术前Harris髋关节评分平均49(20～77)分。两组患者在年龄、性别、术前诊断方面均匹配。方法:用计算机图像分析方法测两组患者X射线片灰度值,取相对值,即同一张X射线片分别测髂骨、股骨大转子处l.0～2.0cm2面积上平均灰度值,二者差值代表股骨大转子处骨密度的相对值,并定量分析骨密度改变的规律。主要观察指标:术前1周、术后1周、随访期两组患者股骨大转子处骨密度相对值。结果:26例患者(28髋)随访9个月～10年6个月,全部进入结果分析。随访期骨水泥组和无骨水泥组股骨大转子处骨密度相对值均较术后1(上接第189页)周有不同程度的增大,骨溶解发生率100%;无骨水泥组股骨大转子处骨密度相对值随访期平均值72.8(14～130),骨水泥组平均值57.4(9～118),两组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。最早发生骨溶解为术后9个月,术后2～4年内骨溶解改变最明显,第6年呈减缓趋势。结论:人工全髋关节置换术后骨溶解在骨水泥假体和无骨水泥假体都存在,二者无显著差异。

Quantitative analysis of widespread osteolysis in the proximal end of cemented and cementless prostheses in total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: At present, there are only morphological observation about the femoral osteolysis in domestic literatures and reports of quantita tive study are also few.OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively analyze the changing status of osteolysis in proximal femur after total joint replacements (TJR) through the changing rules of bone density in proximal end of femur.DESIGN: Observation on patients before and after self-comparison.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight hips in 26 patients received total hip replacements in the Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military University from March 1994 to March 2004, including 16 hips in 14 male patients and 12 hips in 12 female patients, were selected. Types of prostheses: 17 hips in 16 patients with ameliorated Moore cemented prostheses were taken as cemented prosthesis group with a mean age of 57 years; 11 hips in 10 patients with microbores on the surface of implant were taken as cementless prosthesis group with a mean age of 55 years.Patients were diagnosed as traumatic arthritis before operation with the mean Harris score of 49 (20-77) points on hip. Age, gender and diagnosis after operation in patients of two groups were matched.METHODS: The gray degrees of X-ray in patients of two groups were measured with computer image analyzing, relative values were obtained,I.e. The average gray degrees of 1.0-2.0 cm2 area in femoral trochanter and iliac bone were measured with the same X-ray; Differences between them represented the relative value of bone density in greater trochanter of femur. Changing rules of bone density were quantitatively analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative values of bone density in greater trochanter of femur of patients in two groups one week before and after operation, during the follow-up time were measured respectively.RESULTS: A total of 26 patients (28 hips) with the follow-up time of 9-126months were all involved in the analysis of results. Relative values of bone density were increased to different degree one week after operation. And rate of osteolysis was 100% with a mean value of 57.4 (9-118) in greater trochanter of femur from 17 hips of 16 patients in the cemented group during the follow-up time; Relative value of bone density in greater trochanter of femur in 10 hips of 11 patients in the cementless group during the follow-up time were increased to different degree one week after operation.Rate of osteolysis changing was 100% with a mean value of 72.8 (14-130).Differences between two groups were not significant (P ＞ 0.05). Changes of osteolysis firstly appeared in the 9th month of post-operation and were obvious 2-4 years after operation and lessened in the 6th year.CONCLUSION: There are osteolysis in cemented and cementless prostheses after total hip replacement and no significant differences between two kinds of prostheses.