上海市社区散居老年人95例营养状况与生活质量调查

目的：了解上海市社区老年人生活质量现状、影响因素及营养在生活质量综合评价中的意义，为开展以社区为中心的营养健康促进计划提供依据。方法：采用中华老年医学学会推荐的老年人生活质量调查内容和评价标准建议，随机调查95例散居老人所生活质量，所得结果作多元逐步回归分析；同时从膳食调查、营养相关体格检查和实验室检查三方面进行营养状况的综合评定。结果：被调查老年人综合生活质量良、中、差的比例分别为37.89%、61.05%和1.05%，显影响生活质量的因素依次为健康状况、营养状况、生活满意度、心理卫生、家庭和睦、社会交往、体能和经济收入；该组老年营养素摄入总体情况较好，热能、蛋白质摄入充足、脂肪、钠盐摄入偏高，超重、肥胖比例较大（26.3%和40.0%），营养相关疾病患病率较高，与该社区为上海市经济收入、居住条件、化层次等均处中上水平有关，调查结果可反映同类生活水平老年人的生活质量。结论：老年人营养状况是影响其综合生活质量的主要因素。应从加强老年人的健康教育、平衡营养和合理膳食等方面入手，改善营养状况，从而促进综合生活质量的提高。

Investigation on the nutritional status and quality of life in 95 scattered elderly in Shanghai

Objective: To investigate the quality of life (QOL) and its influence factors in the scattered elderly in Shanghai, and to evaluate the effect of nutrition status on the QOL. Methods: Ninty-five randomly-selected elderly were investigated with QOL questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire and 24 h dietary recalls, their nutrition status were awarded by nutrient intake and medical examinations. Results: The percentage of poor, moderate and good QOL were 1.05%, 61.05% and 37.89%. The significant influence factors of QOL were health status, nutrition status, livelihood satisfaction, mentality health, family harmony, medical examination and income. The main nutrition intake of the 95 cases were sufficient, such as energy, protein, but the intake of diet fat and salt were overtaken. The rate of overweight and obesity were 26.3% and 40.0%. Conclusion: Nutrition status is the main influence factor of QOL in the elderly. To improve the QOL of the elderly, health education and balance nutrition guidance should be strengthened.