高剂量照射兔骨骼肌放射损伤的超微病理研究

目的 建立新西兰兔骨骼肌高剂量照射放射损伤模型,研究病理改变.方法 采用随机数字表法将28只新西兰兔分为照射组和对照组.照射组给予9 MeV电子线一次性照射单侧臀部80 Gy,分别于照射后1个月及6个月时取照射区骨骼肌组织,应用光镜和透射电镜观察其病理变化.结果 照射后1个月:光镜下肌细胞变性及坏死,肌间出血明显;电镜下肌细胞内见变性的肌原原纤维肿胀,明暗带结构不清,坏死区呈电子密度深浅不一的无定形区,线粒体肿胀、空泡变性.照射后6个月:光镜下肌细胞变性及坏死较1个月时明显,坏死区可见核碎裂,部分肌间血管管壁增厚、管腔闭塞,神经纤维退行性变,肌间纤维组织增生;电镜下变性区肌丝大量丢失,肌节萎缩,无定形坏死区范围增大,核内染色质减少、边集,胶原原纤维增生明显,线粒体异常增生.结论 9 MeV电子线一次性照射80 Gy照射兔骨骼肌后,骨骼肌细胞线粒体损伤、肌间血管及神经损伤可能是促进肌细胞及变性坏死的重要因素.

Ultrastructural pathological study on skeletal muscle injury in rabbit after a high-dose radiation

Objective To establish a rabbit model of radiation-induced skeletal muscle injury in order to study the ultrastructural pathological changes and underlying mechanism. Methods 28 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups with 16 rabbits in experimental group and 12 rabbits in control group. The experimental rabbits were irradiated on hip with a single dose of 80 Gy of 9 MeV electrons from a linear accelerator. 1 month and 6 months after irradiation the pathological changes were respectively observed under light microscope and electron microscope. Results One month after irradiation, the morphologic changes including degeneration, necrosis of muscle cells, and hemorrhage between the muscle cells were observed under light microscope and the swelling of myofibrillae, blurring of light and shade band, vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria and amorphous areas of necrosis were observed under electron microscope. Six months after irradiation, the morphologic changes of nucleolus chips, fibrous connective tissue, thickening of vascular wall and vascular congestion between the muscle cells and the amorphous areas of necrosis in the experimental group were much more serious than those of 1 month after irradiation. In addition, the myofilaments were lost in degeneration areas and the sarcomere became shorten. Observation with electron microscope showed that the mitochondrial size and its morphological changes were varied and the amounts of collagen between myofibrillaes were increased 6 months after irradiation. Conclusions A rabbit model of high-dose irradiated skeleton muscle injury was successfully established with a single dose of 80 Gy of 9 MeV electrons from a linear accelerator. The degeneration and necrosis of muscle cells may be promoted by mitochondrial and vascular injury, degeneration of vessel and nerve fiber.