The decline of grip strength in the menopause: relationship to physical activity, estrogen use and anthropometric factors |
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| Authors: | J A Cauley A M Petrini R E LaPorte R B Sandler C M Bayles R J Robertson C W Slemenda |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh U.S.A.;2. Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh U.S.A.;3. School of Health Related Professions, University of Pittsburgh U.S.A.;4. Regen Strief Institute, School of Medicine, University of Indiana, U.S.A.;1. Department of Orthopaedics, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, U.S.A.;2. Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, U.S.A.;3. Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.;2. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, ul. Pigonia 1, PL-35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;3. Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31-342 Kraków, Poland;1. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia;2. Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia;3. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia;4. Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;1. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;2. Geriatric Psychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;3. VISN 4 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA;4. Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;1. Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;2. Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;3. Division of Speech Pathology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;4. Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;5. Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;6. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;7. Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA |
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| Abstract: | The focus of this study was the relationship of grip strength to age, physical activity and anthropometric factors, in a population of 255 post-menopausal women not on estrogen therapy (mean age = 57.6) and 55 women currently on estrogen replacement therapy (mean age = 56.9). Grip strength was measured as an indicator of muscular strength in the upper limbs. The grip strength of the estrogen users was significantly higher than that of the estrogen abstainers. Grip strength was related to age (r = -0.25, p less than 0.01), and the body habitus parameters of height (r = 0.36, p less than 0.01) and weight (r = 0.18, p less than 0.01). Although estrogen use was univariately correlated with strength (r = 0.16, p less than 0.05), multiple regression analyses revealed that only the height, age and physical activity were independent determinants of grip strength. These data suggest: height is the major determinant of upper body strength in older women; the reduction in physical activity with advancing age may contribute to strength decline, and modest increase in physical activity may retard the loss of strength that accompanies aging; the loss of ovarian estrogen in menopause may be related to the loss of strength in postmenopausal women. |
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