髌下深囊形成的解剖学基础

目的通过尸体解剖和活体测量,研究髌下深囊的形成,为滑膜的分化及非遗传性滑液囊形成的预防提供依据。方法对成年人尸体膝关节标本进行解剖,显露髌韧带、关节腔、髌下深囊、髌下脂肪垫等结构。活体及骨标本观察并测量相关的数据。结果尸体测量结果显示,膝关节伸位时,髌下深囊长0.9~1.1 cm,最宽处0.5 cm,高0.3~0.5 cm,髌韧带长度为4.7~4.8 cm;膝关节屈位时（45°）,髌下深囊长0.8~1.0 cm,最宽处0.8 cm,高0.4~0.5 cm。活体测量结果膝关节伸位时,髌骨下缘与胫骨粗隆的距离为4.5~4.8 cm,屈位时（145°）为9.0~9.5 cm。结论髌下深囊的形成是因为髌韧带与胫骨之间长期摩擦诱导的结果。

Anatomical basis for deep infrapatellar bursa formation

Objective To provide basis for the differentiation of the synovial membrane and to prevent the formulation of non-inherited synovial bursa by dissecting and measuring the autopsy in vivo and researching into the formation of deep infrapatellar bursa.MethodsSpecimens of the knee joint were dissected and the ligament,articular,deep infrapatellar bursa,infrapatellar fat pat were revealed.Relevant data were got by observing and measuring the specimens and autopsy in vivo.Results According to the results of autopsy measurements： when the knee joint was in extension,the length and height of the deep infrapatellar bursa were 0.9～1.1 cm and 0.3～0.5 cm respectively with a maximum width of 0.5 cm,meanwhile the length of the patellar ligament was 4.7～4.8 cm;when the knee was in flexion（45°）,the length and height of the deep infrapatellar bursa were 0.8～1.0 cm and 0.4～0.5 cm respectively with a maximum width of 0.8 cm.The distant from the lower edge of the patella to the tibial tuberosity was 4.5～4.8 cm when the knee joint in extension and was 9.0～9.5 cm when in flexion（145°）.Conclusion Deep infraPatellar bursa was formed because of the long-term friction between the tibia and patellar ligament.