Chemical composition of the essential oil and n-hexane extract of Stachys tmolea subsp. Tmolea Boiss., an endemic species of Turkey,and their mosquitocidal activity against dengue vector Aesdes aegypti |
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Authors: | Hatice Demiray Nurhayat Tabanca Alden S. Estep James J. Becnel Betül Demirci |
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Affiliation: | 1. Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology Section of Botany, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey;2. USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USA;3. Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, CMAVE Detachment, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;4. USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;5. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey |
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Abstract: | Stachys tmolea subsp. tmolea Boiss. is endemic to Turkey and is a species of the genus Stachys L. which is one of the largest genera of the family Lamiaceae with about 300 species. The aims of this study were to examine the chemical composition of the essential oil and n-hexane extract of S. tmolea subsp. tmolea as natural sources of insecticidal activity against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. Analysis of the essential oil by GC-FID and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems identified hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (15%), viridiflorol (10%), hexadecanoic acid (7%) and 9-geranyl-p-cymene (6%) as major components. The volatile components of the n-hexane extract were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and were analyzed using GC-MS. The principal constituents were 3,4-dimethyl decane (16%), 3-methyl-3-pentanol (15%), 2-methyl-2-pentanol (12%), 1,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) benzene (12%), heptanal (10%), acetic acid (6%) and decane (4%). Bioassay of the n-hexane extract, at 5 µg/mosquito, produced 90% mortality against adult Ae. aegypti while the S. tmolea essential oil demonstrated 13% mortality. No larvicidal activity was observed both in essential oil and n-hexane extract. Further studies are needed to assess the adulticidal activity of the responsible compounds in the crude extract. |
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Keywords: | Corresponding author. Lamiaceae Endemic Essential oil SPME Insecticidal activity |
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