2004～2010年福建省伤寒、副伤寒流行特征分析

目的]了解福建省伤寒、副伤寒(伤寒)发病规律,掌握流行趋势,为制订伤寒的防治对策提供科学依据。方法]对2004～2010年福建省伤寒疫情资料进行分析。结果]2004～2010年福建省累计报告伤寒3 341例,年均发病率为1.33/10万。伤寒发病率(/10万),2004～2010年分别为1.80、1.42、1.51、1.08、1.23、1.18、1.13(P<0.01)。2004～2010年年均发病率(/10万),最高的是宁德市(2.88)、龙岩市(2.80)、厦门市(2.77);男性为1.44,女性为1.22(P<0.01);0～4岁为2.86,5～14岁为1.25,15～34岁为1.31,35～54岁为1.17,55～74岁为1.13,≥75岁为1.19。2004～2010年的3 341例伤寒病人中,5～10月发病的占61.33%;农民占22.96%,学生占15.41%,散居儿童占10.98%。2006年厦门市城区内发生伤寒流行,1月1日至7月31日报告病例190例,分离菌株中主要为甲型副伤寒沙门菌,流行原因为养殖地贝类被污染。其他病例均为散发。2006～2010年累计从伤寒病人分离出伤寒病原菌102株,其中伤寒沙门菌占30.39%,甲型副伤寒沙门菌占53.92%,乙型副伤寒沙门菌占13.73%,丙型副伤寒沙门菌占1.96%。结论]2004～2010年福建省伤寒发病率维持在较低水平,5岁以下儿童和青壮年为发病的重点人群。

Epidemiological Analysis on Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in Fujian Province,2004-2010

Objective]To understand the law of typhoid and paratyphoid fever and grasp the epidemic trend,so as to provide scientific basis for the implementation of preventive and cure countermeasures against typhoid and paratyphoid fever.Methods]Analysis was made on the incidence data of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Fujian province,2004-2010.Results]A total of 3 341 typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases were reported,and the average annual incidence rate was 1.33/105,in Fujian,2004-2010.The annual incidence rate during 2004-2010 was 1.80/105,1.42/105,1.51/105,1.08/105,1.23/105,1.18/105 and 1.13/105respectively(P<0.01).The average annual incidence rate was 2.88/105 in Ningde city,2.80/105 in Longyan city,2.77/105 in Xiamen city.The average annual incidence rate was 1.44/105 in males and 1.22/105 in females(P<0.01).The average annual incidence rate was 2.86/105 in the 0-4 years age group,1.25/105 in the 5-14 years age group,1.31/105 in the 15-34 years age group,1.17/105 in the 34-54 years age group,1.13/105 in the 55-74 years age group and 1.19/105 in the ≥75 years age group.61.33% of total cases were reported from May to October.22.96% were farmers,15.41% were students and 10.98% were residential children living sporadically.Epidemics of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever caused by shellfish contamination at aquatic breeding farm in Xiamen Island,2006.190 cases were reported from January 1 st to July 31st.The dominant Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever isolates were S.paratyphi A.Other cases were sporadic.102 pathogenic strains isolated from the patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fever in 2006-2010,30.39% were Salmonella typhi,53.92% were S.paratyphi A,13.73% were S.paratyphi B and 1.96% were S.paratyphi C.Conclusion]The incidence rate of typhoid and paratyphoid fever is at the low level in Fujian province,the children under 5 years old and the young and middle-aged are the key groups for typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.