医院作业环境噪音之测量及改善

医院是一个治疗疾病及身心休养的场所，因此常被要求医院内部，甚至邻近区域必须降低音量。所谓噪音，是一种不想要的、令人不悦且有害的声音，它属于环境污染的一种。前人研究也指出噪音对人体健康的影响可分为听觉性与非听觉性效应。听觉性的效应是引起听力缺失的主要致病因子，并导致暂睁陆或永久性的听力丧失，而非听觉性的效应会影响所有的器官及系统，包括内分泌系统、消化系统、中枢神经系统及心血管系统。目的：1.测量并分析医院之各种作业环境之噪音值，2．了解医院之作业环境噪音值之安全标准，3．提出减少医院中医护人员及病人之作业环境噪音暴露之建议。方法：样本选择某医学中心为样本医院，将一般病房、加护病房、门诊候诊区、领药处、血液透析中心、手术恢复室、检验科、急诊室等作业环境为量测点，以连续测量一周医院内部作业环境之噪音值，并记录不同作业环境之噪音值A权及C权情形。结果：在样本医院所测得之噪音之分为A权及C权音压，整个医院内声音之平均音压分别为56．3dB、68。8dB，不同的作业环境下噪音暴露不同：在病房为52．9、65．8dB，在加护病房为55．5、66．7dB，在领药处为61．4、71．0dB，在大厅为61.7、69．9dB。检验科为61．0、70．7dB。讨论与结论：在测量得医院中各作业环境中噪音之情形中，音压分贝数最高三者分别是大厅、领药处及检验科，分析其原因：大厅为医院主要出入口，并且为挂号柜台所在。在各测量点中，研究者亦测量音压的最大值，并记录其原因：大厅中举行音乐会时，A权及C权音压分别为81．3、85。3dB。在了解作业环境不良处後，为促进医院环境之质量改善，建议做一些基本噪音防护、并减少噪音之产生，进而达到持续并提升医疗质量之目标。

Research on Monitoring of Environmental Noise in Hospital

Hospital is a place where patients receive treatment and have rest, so it is required to be quiet inside the hospital and also its neighborhood. The noise is a sound unwanted, unpleasing, and harmful. It is a kind of pollute in the environment. In previous study, the effects of noise on people include the hearing effect and non-hearing effect. The effect is the factor of hearing losing, temporarily or permanently. Non-hearing effect affects all of the body organs or systems, the endocrine system, the digestive system, the central nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. The purposes： 1. to measure and analyze the noise in the hospital. 2. to know the safe standard of the hospital. 3. to suggest the way to decrease the exposure of the environment. Methods： The research chose a medical center as a sample hospital. The researchers measured environment sound （noise） in the general wards, intensive care units, the waiting area of outpatient service, the area to get medication, the center of blood dialysis, the operation recovery room, the examining room and the emergency room for a week from 1 May to 7 May, 2004, and recorded the A and C frequency weighed dB.
The results： For all places, the average A and C frequency weighed dB were 56.3dB, 68.8dB. There was difference in the different environment： The voice in the general wards were 52.9, 65.8dB; in intensive care units were 55.5, 66.7dB; in lobby were 61.7, 69.9dB; in the examine room were 61.0, 70.7dB
The discussion and conclusion： In the sample hospital, we could find that the places with the highest level were the lobby, the area to get medication and the examine room. The reason why they were higher than the other places is that the lobby is the main entrance of the hospital, and also the location of the registration cabinet. The researchers measured the highest dB level and recorded its reason. For example, when a concert was hold, the A and C frequency weighed dB were81.3, 85.3dB. In the research, we can know that the unhealthy factor i