Natural polyreactive immunoglobulin A antibodies produced in mouse Peyer’s patches

To understand the biological function of natural immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in Peyer’s patches (PP), we generated IgA monoclonal antibody (mAb) clones from the PP of normal, unimmunized, specific pathogen-free BALB/c mice and examined their reactivities by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Many of these antibodies reacted with more than one antigen examined, suggesting that they were polyreactive Abs. Two mAbs agglutinated several different strains of commensal bacteria isolated from mice. To examine the genetic features of these polyreactive mAbs, the V_H genes of seven different IgA mAbs were sequenced. The V_H genes from the VGAM, J558 and 7183 families were compared with sequence from the mAbs with distinct VDJ rearrangements. One of the mAbs that agglutinated bacteria was encoded by a germline V_H gene, but the V_H region of the other polyreactive mAbs contained between seven and 11 mutated sites. No indication of antigenic selection was observed in the pattern of these mutated sites. Our results show that polyreactive IgA Abs are present in PP as a part of the normal B-cell repertoire. These polyreactive Abs may establish a natural immune homeostasis, and function as a polyreactive sensor to detect pathogenic invasion and to control immune response in the gut.