1960~2007年鄱阳湖区急性血吸虫病疫情分析

目的 探索鄱阳湖区急性血吸虫病流行规律,为制定科学防治策略提供依据.方法 采用回顾性调查方法,对江西省1960～2007年急性血吸虫病(急血)报表数据以及1982～1984年和1987～1989年开展的2次鄱阳湖区急血专题调查资料进行流行病学分析.结果 1960～2007年,鄱阳湖区沿湖12个血吸虫病流行县(区)共发生急血29 864例,占全省急血总数的85.5%,其中以余干县为最多,占18.7%.1987年最高达2 088例.1990年代后期急血发病出现明显下降,并一直维持在较低水平.2次专题调查发生急血的人群以<30岁为主,分别占86.1%和82.9%;职业以农民、学生为多,分别占57.4%和21.2%、61.7%和21.8%;主要感染方式为捕鱼,分别占43.0%和44.9%;感染高峰季节为4～10月.结论 鄱阳湖沿湖洲滩是江西省急血的主要感染地带,春秋季节为主要感染季节,农民、学生和渔民是高发人群.加强对这些重点地区和重点人群的综合防治力度,是控制该地区急血发生的关键.

Analysis of epidemical pattern of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake areas from 1960 to 2007

Objective To explore the epidemical pattern of acute schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake area so as to provide the scientific evidence for control-strategy-making. Methods The data of acute schistosomiasis in 12 counties along Poyang Lake from 1960 to 2007, including the data of 2 special investigations from 1982 to 1984 and from 1987 to 1989 were collected and analyzed with the retrospective investigation methods. Results There were 29 864 cases of acute schistosomiasis in 12 counties of Poyang Lake area from 1960 to 2007, accounting for 85.5% of the total acute schistosomiasis cases of Jiangxi Province. The largest number of cases existed in Yugan County, accounting for 18. 7%. The peak of acute schistosomiasis prevalence was in 1987 with 2 088 cases. However, the case of acute schistosomiasis declined significantly, keeping at a low level, since 1990. During the 2 special investigations, the people whose age were lower than 30 years old, were the susceptible populations of acute schistosomiasis (86. 1% and 82. 9% , respectively) , most of them were peasants and students, and the infection rates were 57. 4% and 21.2%, 61.7% and 21. 8%, respectively. Fishing and swimming were the main infection ways, with the infection rates of 43.0% and 44.9% , respectively. The peak season of infection was from April to October. Conclusions The river bank and continent of Poyang Lake are the main infection areas, the spring and autumn are the main epidemic seasons and the susceptible populations are the peasants, fishmen and young students. It is very important to enhance the comprehensive prevention and treatment measures in the key areas and population for schistosomiasis control.