江苏省疟疾流行与控制

目的分析总结50多年来江苏省疟疾流行特点和防治措施,评价防治效果,探讨适合当前流行特点的防治策略和措施。方法收集1951～2008年江苏省疟疾发病情况、控制措施及防治效果等资料,分析评价不同阶段疟疾流行特点和防治措施实施效果。结果根据因地制宜、分类指导、突出重点的防治原则,在2次大暴发时,采取以控制传染源为主的综合措施;在实现基本消灭阶段,嗜人按蚊地区采取以防蚊灭蚊为主的综合措施,其他地区实施以加强传染源检测和早期治疗为主的综合防治措施;在巩固监测阶段,采取疟疾监测为主的综合措施,包括传染源检测和疫情报告、传染源管理、疫情和蚊情监测、流动人口疟疾管理等。疟疾年发病率由1960年的2 495/万降至2008年的0.09/万,且已连续2年全省以县（市、区）为单位年发病率控制在1/万以下。表明在不同阶段采取的防治措施可行而有效。结论江苏省疟疾流行已得到有效控制,但要达到消除目标,还需进一步提高疟疾病例早期诊断和规范治疗能力;加强健康教育和健康促进;加强流动人口的疟疾监测与管理。

Epidemic and control of malaria in Jiangsu Province

Objective To analyse the epidemic characteristics and control measures of malaria in Jiangsu Province during the past fifty years, evaluate the control effect and explore the current appropriate control strategy and measures. Methods The historical data about malaria cases and control measures from 1951 to 2008 in Jiangsu Province were collected, and the effects of malaria control in different stages were assessed. Results The integrated control measures with emphasis on the control of infectious source were adopted during the stage of two outbreaks of malaria. In the stage of basical elimination of malaria, the comprehensive measures with emphasis on the vector control in the areas of Anopheles anthropophagus were adopted, and the measures with emphasis on the surveillance of infectious source surveillance and early treatment of malaria in other areas were adopted. In the stage of consolidation, the measures including the surveillance of infectious source and management, surveillance of vector and epidemic situation, management of floating population, etc, were adopted. The malaria incidence dropped from 2 495/10 000 in 1960 to 0.09/10 000 in 2008, and was under 1/10 000 in all the counties of Jiangsu Province during the past 2 years, which demonstrated the various measures were feasible and effective in different stages of malaria. Conclusions Malaria has been controlled effectively in Jiangsu Province, however, the improvement of early diagnosis and norm treatment of malaria cases, the enhancement of health education and promotion, as well as the malaria surveillance and management among floating population, are still necessary for achieving the goal of malaria elimination.